Adaptación y monitoreo de bacterias hierro-oxidantes a niveles crecientes de cloruro de sodio
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2017
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
Actualmente, en la faena minera Zaldívar se observa una baja disponibilidad de minerales oxidados de cobre, lo que hace necesario iniciar la explotación de minerales sulfurados de cobre. Esta circunstancia obliga a la empresa a emplear nuevos procesos para la extracción de este mineral. Para esto, se conocen distintos mecanismos de lixiviación, como lo es el proceso de biolixiviación, el cual hace uso de microorganismos que son capaces de realizar el proceso de manera directa (en contacto directo con el mineral) o indirecta (donde un producto, como el ion férrico realiza la reacción). Así también se conocen distintos catalizadores para la extracción como es el uso de cloruro de sodio (NaCl), el cual trae diversos beneficios para la extracción. En este estudio se evalúa la posibilidad de obtener un cultivo biolixiviante adaptado a NaCl, que mantenga su actividad oxidativa bajo esta condición. Para esto se realizó un proceso de adaptación a diferentes muestras a concentraciones crecientes de NaCl. Haciendo uso de monitoreos como titulación de ferroso y medición de potencial (Eh), se logró encontrar, por método de eliminación entre los cultivos, al cultivo LIX que mantuvo su capacidad oxidativa a los 20 g/L NaCl. Siendo LIX el cultivo destacado, se analiza la población bacteria donde predomina Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.
Currently, in the Zaldivar mine, there is a low availability of oxidized copper minerals, which makes it necessary to start the exploitation of sulphide copper minerals. This circumstance forces the company to use new processes for the extraction of this mineral. For this different leaching mechanisms are known such as the bioleaching process, which makes use of microorganisms that are able to carry out the process directly (in direct contact with the mineral), or indirect (where a product such as the ferric ion performs the reaction). Different catalysts are also known for extraction, such as the use of sodium chloride (NaCl), which brings various benefits for extraction. This study evaluates the possibility of obtaining a biolixivant culture adapted to NaCl, which maintains its oxidative activity under this condition. To achieve this purpose a process of adaptation to different samples was performed at increasing concentrations of NaCl. Using review processes such as ferrous titration and potential measurement (Eh), through an elimination method between the cultures it was possible to find that LIX culture maintained its oxidative capacity at 20 g/L NaCl. As a result of this process the sample LIX performed the best, and we can analyze the bacterial population where Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans predominates.
Currently, in the Zaldivar mine, there is a low availability of oxidized copper minerals, which makes it necessary to start the exploitation of sulphide copper minerals. This circumstance forces the company to use new processes for the extraction of this mineral. For this different leaching mechanisms are known such as the bioleaching process, which makes use of microorganisms that are able to carry out the process directly (in direct contact with the mineral), or indirect (where a product such as the ferric ion performs the reaction). Different catalysts are also known for extraction, such as the use of sodium chloride (NaCl), which brings various benefits for extraction. This study evaluates the possibility of obtaining a biolixivant culture adapted to NaCl, which maintains its oxidative activity under this condition. To achieve this purpose a process of adaptation to different samples was performed at increasing concentrations of NaCl. Using review processes such as ferrous titration and potential measurement (Eh), through an elimination method between the cultures it was possible to find that LIX culture maintained its oxidative capacity at 20 g/L NaCl. As a result of this process the sample LIX performed the best, and we can analyze the bacterial population where Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans predominates.
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Tesis (Magíster en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Bacterias Oxidantes, Cloruro de Sodio