Caracterización y mapeo del servicio doméstico en Santiago de Chile. Una radiografía en 1895 a través del diario "El Chileno"
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2017-01
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es
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Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El diario “El Chileno” (1883-1924), es también conocido como
“el diario de las cocineras” por ser uno de los más importantes
vehículos de los datos relacionados con los empleos
domésticos en Santiago de Chile. En este sentido, la mitad de
los avisos del diario se refería a avisos económicos, comerciales
y laborales, en particular ofertas relacionadas con el servicio
doméstico, tanto desde los empleadores (“Se necesita”)
como desde los empleados (“Se ofrece”). Cada aviso describe
brevemente el cargo ofrecido, a veces cualidades esperadas y
sueldo, además de la dirección del empleador.
A raíz de estos datos, se propone un acercamiento metodológico
a los avisos relacionados con el servicio doméstico. A
partir de la revisión completa del año 1895, se realiza un aná-
lisis de los avisos, tanto cuantitativo (lugar y espacio ocupado
en el diario, repeticiones, etc.) como cualitativo (tipos de empleos
ofrecidos, sueldos, cualidades esperadas, sexo, edad,
etc.), con el fin de reconstruir los perfiles esperados para el
servicio doméstico. En segundo lugar, a partir de las direcciones
que ofrecían estos empleos, se propone un mapeo de
los puestos ofrecidos, con el objetivo de determinar cuáles
eran los estratos de la sociedad que requerían de personal doméstico,
además de clasificar los perfiles en función de estos
estratos. En este sentido, se ofrecerá una radiografía de este
sector social y laboral para el año 1895, a partir de la fuente
inédita que representa “El Chileno”.
The newspaper “El Chileno” (1883-1924) is also known as the “cook’s newspaper” as it was one of the most important means of disseminating information on domestic work in Santiago, Chile. In this respect, half of the advertisements in the newspaper were economic, commercial and employment ads, in particular, offers for domestic work from employers (“Staff required”) and employees (“Available for work”). Each advertisement provides a brief overview of the position available, as well as the qualities desired, the wage offered and the employer’s address. Based on this information, a methodological approach to domestic service-related advertisements is proposed. After examining the entire year of 1895, a quantitative (positioning and space occupied in the newspaper, repetitions, etc.) and qualitative (types of jobs offered, pay, qualities desired, gender, age, etc.) analysis of the advertisements is carried out in order to determine who were the ideal candidates for domestic service work. Secondly, the addresses corresponding to the jobs offered are used to map the positions advertised, in order to determine which social strata required domestic staff and also to categorise the candidates based on these strata. And to that end, an in-depth analysis of this social sector and employment is also carried out for 1895, based on the unprecedented source, “El Chileno”.
The newspaper “El Chileno” (1883-1924) is also known as the “cook’s newspaper” as it was one of the most important means of disseminating information on domestic work in Santiago, Chile. In this respect, half of the advertisements in the newspaper were economic, commercial and employment ads, in particular, offers for domestic work from employers (“Staff required”) and employees (“Available for work”). Each advertisement provides a brief overview of the position available, as well as the qualities desired, the wage offered and the employer’s address. Based on this information, a methodological approach to domestic service-related advertisements is proposed. After examining the entire year of 1895, a quantitative (positioning and space occupied in the newspaper, repetitions, etc.) and qualitative (types of jobs offered, pay, qualities desired, gender, age, etc.) analysis of the advertisements is carried out in order to determine who were the ideal candidates for domestic service work. Secondly, the addresses corresponding to the jobs offered are used to map the positions advertised, in order to determine which social strata required domestic staff and also to categorise the candidates based on these strata. And to that end, an in-depth analysis of this social sector and employment is also carried out for 1895, based on the unprecedented source, “El Chileno”.
Notas
Indexación: Scopus.
Palabras clave
Servicio Doméstico, Trabajo Doméstico, Chile, Historia
Citación
Historia 396. Volume 7, Issue 1, 1 January 2017, Pages 11-41