Hacia una reconstrucción de los conflictos de la memoria. El caso del Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos en Chile
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2017
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es
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Universidad de Chile
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Licencia CC
Resumen
El artículo sostiene que la memoria juega un rol intermediario entre el presente político y la historia. Puesto que el presente político es intrínsecamente un escenario de disputa, la memoria transfiere esa disputa a la historia, al atribuir políticamente significación cognitiva o normativa a eventos o períodos seleccionados. Propongo que de esto emergen cuatro formas de la memoria distintas y potencialmente controversiales, estas son, una forma cognitiva positiva y otra negativa, por un lado; una forma socio-integrativa positiva y otra negativa, por otro. La relación conflictiva entre ellas define lo que llamo controversias o disputas de la memoria. Por medio de una revisión de distintas reflexiones teóricas sobre la relación entre política, historia y memoria, construyo primero un modelo original para el análisis de las disputas de la memoria y luego lo aplico a la controversia pública respecto de la instalación y funcionamiento del Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos de Chile entre 2007 y 2016. El artículo concluye que la crítica de posiciones políticas concernientes a la relación entre política e historia produce distintas formas de la memoria con énfasis cognitivo o socio-integrativo que colisionan entre sí produciendo una trayectoria de la memoria cambiante en el tiempo.
The article asserts that memory plays an intermediary role between political present and history. As political present is intrinsically a matter of dispute, memory transfers this dispute into history by politically attributing cognitive or normative significance to selected events and periods. I argue that four different and potentially controversial forms of memory emerge from this, namely, a positive and a negative cognitive form of memory, on the one hand, and a negative and a positive socio-integrative form, on the other hand. The conflictive link between these forms of memory defines what I call controversies or disputes of memory. By elaborating on different theoretical reflections about the relation between politics, history, and memory, I firstly construe an original framework to analyze disputes of memory and subsequently I apply this to the public controversy between 2007 and 2016 regarding the installation and functioning of the Chilean Museum of Memory and Human Rights. The article concludes that criticisms of political positions concerning the relation between politics and history produce different and colliding forms of cognitive or socio-integrative memory, which creates a fluctuating time trajectory for memory.
The article asserts that memory plays an intermediary role between political present and history. As political present is intrinsically a matter of dispute, memory transfers this dispute into history by politically attributing cognitive or normative significance to selected events and periods. I argue that four different and potentially controversial forms of memory emerge from this, namely, a positive and a negative cognitive form of memory, on the one hand, and a negative and a positive socio-integrative form, on the other hand. The conflictive link between these forms of memory defines what I call controversies or disputes of memory. By elaborating on different theoretical reflections about the relation between politics, history, and memory, I firstly construe an original framework to analyze disputes of memory and subsequently I apply this to the public controversy between 2007 and 2016 regarding the installation and functioning of the Chilean Museum of Memory and Human Rights. The article concludes that criticisms of political positions concerning the relation between politics and history produce different and colliding forms of cognitive or socio-integrative memory, which creates a fluctuating time trajectory for memory.
Notas
Indexación: Scopus.
Palabras clave
Memoria, Derechos Humanos, Crítica, Museo de la Memoria, Chile
Citación
Revista Mad. Issue 37, 2017, Pages 113-142