Evaluación de la diversidad genética en una población de Congrio Colorado (Genypterus chilensis) utilizando microsatélites
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2017
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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El congrio colorado (Genypterus chilensis) es una especie nativa de las costas chilenas con una alta demanda gastronómica, siendo un gran candidato para la expansión de la acuicultura nacional. El Centro de Investigaciones Marinas de Quintay (CIMARQ) ha logrado aclimatar al menos dos poblaciones de reproductores. A partir de la primera de ellas (2009) se obtuvo una población de juveniles, sin embargo, esta producción no se ha logrado replicar producto de altas mortalidades asociadas al cultivo larval. Aunque se desconoce el origen de esta mortalidad, y considerando que el cultivo de peces representa una fracción menor en términos de variabilidad genética en comparación a las poblaciones silvestres, es posible que la causa sea un fenómeno de consanguineidad. Consecuentemente, se postuló la siguiente hipótesis: "La población de congrios colorados de CIMARQ presenta un bajo nivel de polimorfismo de microsatélites, demostrando una escasa variabilidad genética". En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar marcadores de tipo microsatélites, derivados de información transcriptómica, para estimar la diversidad genética de las poblaciones de congrios en el CIMARQ.
Se obtuvieron doce marcadores polimórficos que permitieron analizar parámetros de variabilidad genética como heterocigosidad, índice de fijación, contenido de información polimórfica y diversidad genética Fst. En su conjunto estos datos permitieron determinar que la población de reproductores antiguos era la que tenía mejores parámetros de variabilidad y no presentaría el fenómeno de consanguineidad. La población de nuevos reproductores no presentó parámetros ideales de diversidad genética por lo que se sugiere incorporar nuevos ejemplares. Adicionalmente se comprobó que los marcadores escogidos permiten identificar un individuo de congrio colorado con una alta probabilidad.
Este estudio demuestra que los microsatélites derivados de transcriptoma pueden ser eficientes para desarrollar análisis de genética de poblaciones e identificación de individuos. Estos marcadores pueden ser aplicados para monitorear cultivos de G. chilensis y pueden ser útiles para el establecimiento de programas de mejoramiento genético. Adicionalmente, debido a la alta conservación que existe en las regiones flanqueantes de los microsatélites, estos marcadores también podrían ser utilizados para análisis genéticos de otras especies del género Genypterus.
The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species of the chilean coasts with a high gastronomic demand, for this reason it is a great candidate for the expansion of national aquaculture. The Center of Marine Research of Quintay (CIMARQ) managed to acclimatize at least two populations of breeders. From the first population (2009) a juvenile population was obtained, nevertheless, this production has not been able to be replicated, due to high mortalities associated with the larval culture. Even though the origin of this mortality remains unknown, and considering that the fish culture represents a small fraction in terms of genetic variability in wild comparison, which can generate the phenomenon of inbreeding. Consequently, the following hypothesis was proposed: “The population of red cusk-eel of CIMARQ presents a low level of microsatellite polymorphism, showing low genetic variability”. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop transcriptome-derived microsatellite markers to estimate the genetic diversity of CIMARQ populations. We obtained twelve polymorphic markers that allowed us to analyze parameters of genetic variability such as expected and observed heterozygosity, fixation index, polymorphic information content, and Fst genetic diversity parameter. Together, these data allowed us to determine that the population of old breeders had the best parameters of genetic variability and therefore would not present the phenomenon of inbreeding. The population of new breeders did not present ideal parameters of genetic diversity so it is suggested to incorporate new specimens. The chosen markers have a high probability of identifying an individual of red cusk-eel. This study demonstrates that transcriptome-derived microsatellites can be efficient in developing population genetics analysis and identifying individuals. These markers can be applied to monitor G. chilensis cultures and may be useful for the establishment of breeding programs; and can also be used for the analysis of other Genypterus species due to the conservation that exists in flanking regions at microsatellites between species of Genypterus.
The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species of the chilean coasts with a high gastronomic demand, for this reason it is a great candidate for the expansion of national aquaculture. The Center of Marine Research of Quintay (CIMARQ) managed to acclimatize at least two populations of breeders. From the first population (2009) a juvenile population was obtained, nevertheless, this production has not been able to be replicated, due to high mortalities associated with the larval culture. Even though the origin of this mortality remains unknown, and considering that the fish culture represents a small fraction in terms of genetic variability in wild comparison, which can generate the phenomenon of inbreeding. Consequently, the following hypothesis was proposed: “The population of red cusk-eel of CIMARQ presents a low level of microsatellite polymorphism, showing low genetic variability”. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop transcriptome-derived microsatellite markers to estimate the genetic diversity of CIMARQ populations. We obtained twelve polymorphic markers that allowed us to analyze parameters of genetic variability such as expected and observed heterozygosity, fixation index, polymorphic information content, and Fst genetic diversity parameter. Together, these data allowed us to determine that the population of old breeders had the best parameters of genetic variability and therefore would not present the phenomenon of inbreeding. The population of new breeders did not present ideal parameters of genetic diversity so it is suggested to incorporate new specimens. The chosen markers have a high probability of identifying an individual of red cusk-eel. This study demonstrates that transcriptome-derived microsatellites can be efficient in developing population genetics analysis and identifying individuals. These markers can be applied to monitor G. chilensis cultures and may be useful for the establishment of breeding programs; and can also be used for the analysis of other Genypterus species due to the conservation that exists in flanking regions at microsatellites between species of Genypterus.
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Tesis (Magíster en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Congrios, Genética