Análisis de la diversidad genética y estructura poblacional en genotipos de quínoa chilena (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) usando microsatélites
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2018
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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La quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) es un importante cultivo originario de la región andina de América del Sur y es considerada como una fuente primaria de proteínas por los pueblos originarios de estas regiones. La variabilidad genética existente en esta especie permitiría explicar su amplia adaptación a diferentes ambientes. Sin embargo, existen muy pocas variedades comerciales en el país que permitan su cultivo intensivo bajo distintas condiciones. Por esto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la diversidad genética y estructura poblacional en líneas de selección avanzada de quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) usando microsatélites. Para esto, se analizaron 14 caracteres fenotípicos y 24 microsatélites, obtenidos de bases de datos públicas, para determinar la diversidad fenotípica y genotípica dentro de las 96 líneas de selección avanzadas del programa de mejoramiento genético de quínoa de INIA (Chile), respectivamente. Un análisis multivariado de componentes principales de los datos fenotípicos no mostró grupos entre las accesiones. Mediante la genotipificación con SSR (del inglés “Simple Sequence Repeat”) se obtuvieron en total 114 alelos con un promedio de 4,75 alelos por locus. La heterocigosidad obtenida fue de 0,24 mientras que en promedio el PIC fue de 0,40. El análisis de estructura poblacional arrojó un total de 3 subpoblaciones presentes en las líneas de selección de quínoa correspondientes a los ecotipos Salares, Costero/ “Lowlands” y un tercer ecotipo de Centro-Sur Costero/ “Lowlands”. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo son de gran importancia para futuros programas de mejoramiento genético y el desarrollo de herramientas genómicas en quínoa.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an important crop originating in the Andean region of South America and is considered as a primary source of protein by the indigenous inhabitants of these regions. The genetic variability existing in this specie would explain its wide adaptation to different environments. However, there are very few commercial varieties in Chile that allow its extensive cultivation. For this reason, the aim of this work has to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) advanced selection lines using microsatellites. We analyzed 14 phenotypic characters and 24 microsatellites obtained from public databases to determine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity within the 96 selection lines from quinoa breeding genetic program of INIA (Chile), respectively. A multivariate analysis of principal components of the phenotypic data did not show groups between the accessions. By genotyping with SSR (‘Simple Sequence Repeat’) a total of 114 alleles were obtained with an average of 4.75 alleles per locus. The obtained heterozygosity was 0.24 while on average the PIC was 0.40. The population structure analysis showed a total of 3 subpopulations present in the quinoa selection lines corresponding to the Salares, Coastal / Lowlands ecotypes and a third Coastal-South Coastal / Lowlands ecotype. The results obtained in this work are of great importance for future programs of genetic improvement and the development of genomic tools in quinoa.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an important crop originating in the Andean region of South America and is considered as a primary source of protein by the indigenous inhabitants of these regions. The genetic variability existing in this specie would explain its wide adaptation to different environments. However, there are very few commercial varieties in Chile that allow its extensive cultivation. For this reason, the aim of this work has to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) advanced selection lines using microsatellites. We analyzed 14 phenotypic characters and 24 microsatellites obtained from public databases to determine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity within the 96 selection lines from quinoa breeding genetic program of INIA (Chile), respectively. A multivariate analysis of principal components of the phenotypic data did not show groups between the accessions. By genotyping with SSR (‘Simple Sequence Repeat’) a total of 114 alleles were obtained with an average of 4.75 alleles per locus. The obtained heterozygosity was 0.24 while on average the PIC was 0.40. The population structure analysis showed a total of 3 subpopulations present in the quinoa selection lines corresponding to the Salares, Coastal / Lowlands ecotypes and a third Coastal-South Coastal / Lowlands ecotype. The results obtained in this work are of great importance for future programs of genetic improvement and the development of genomic tools in quinoa.
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Tesis (Magíster en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Quínoa, Genética, Estructura Poblacional, Chile