Desarrollo de una metodología de recuperación de suelos altamente contaminados con metales pesados utilizando remediación fisicoquímica y fitorremediación
Cargando...
Archivos
Fecha
2018
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La remediación de metales pesados utilizando métodos fisicoquímicos y biológicos de suelos mineros contaminados con polvos de fundición en la Región de Antofagasta, es una investigación cuyo fin fue generar una metodología efectiva y nueva para la eliminación de este tipo de contaminante. Se tomaron muestras de suelo de hasta 2 metros de profundidad, estas se caracterizaron y luego fueron separadas granulometricamente para obtener las fracciones más finas, esto bajo la hipótesis de que las partículas de menor tamaño, al poseer mayor área de superficie de contacto pueden contener una mayor concentración de contaminantes, las cuales también se caracterizaron (arena fina y limo), estas fueron pasadas por un proceso de lavado de suelos utilizando ChemSol A y ChemSol S, de manera secuencial, los cuales fueron evaluados previamente de forma independiente, posteriormente las fracciones gruesas descartadas fueron mezcladas con las finas tratadas, para así generar un suelo reconstituido, el cual fue caracterizado obteniendo porcentajes de remediación del suelo de 73% para As, 68% para Cu y 78% para Pb.
Se realizó la evaluación de un proceso de fitorremediación, para monitorear el comportamiento de una planta arbórea con capacidad acumuladora de metales denominada Acacia caven en contacto con el suelo contaminado, a raíz de ello se obtuvieron resultados con proyección de escalamiento ya que las plantas fueron capaces de acumular por sobre 6000 ppm de Cu en su raíz, siendo esta condición precursora de la muerte de ellas, también presentaron acumulaciones de 131 ppm de Pb y 49 ppm de As. Adicionalmente, se establecieron metodologías de recuperación de las soluciones de lavado primero de ChemSol S, logrando un 94% de reutilización del sustrato y segundo, respecto al volumen de ChemSol A conteniendo metales extraídos, fue reducido en un 82% con el fin de evaluar su disposición final.
Con este trabajo se logró la validación auspiciosa de una metodología de remediación de suelos, sentándose las bases para el desarrollo futuro de una planta móvil para pilotajes de remediación en terrenos de la industria minera.
The remediation of heavy metals using physicochemical and biological methods of mineral soils contaminated with casting powders in the Antofagasta Region, is an investigation whose purpose was to generate a new and effective methodology for the elimination of this type of pollutant. Up to 2 meters of depth soil samples were taken, they were characterized and were then separated granulary to obtain finer fractions, under the hypothesis of that the particles of smaller size, having more surface area of contact may contain a higher concentration of pollutants, which were also characterized (fine sand and silt), these were passed through a process of washing of floors using ChemSol A and ChemSol S, which were evaluated sequentially, previously in independent way, subsequently discarded coarse fractions were mixed with fines treated, to generate a reconstituted soil, which was characterized by obtaining percentages of remediation for soil of 73% for As, 68% for Cu and 78% for Pb. The evaluation of a phytoremediation process was done, to monitor the behavior of a tree plant with accumulating capacity of metals known as Acacia caven in contact with contaminated soil, as a result of it we obtained data showing escalation projections because the plants were able to accumulate above 6000 ppm of Cu at the roots, this was a precursor condition of death, being also presented accumulations of 131 ppm Pb and 49 ppm of As. Additionally, washing solutions recovery methodologies were established first for ChemSol s, achieving 94% of reuse of the substrate, and second, with regard to the volume of ChemSol containing metals extracted, was reduced by 82% in order to assess its final disposition. With this work we were able to do an auspicious validation of a methodology for soil remediation, laying the groundwork for the future development of a mobile plant for pilings of remediation in areas of the mining industry.
The remediation of heavy metals using physicochemical and biological methods of mineral soils contaminated with casting powders in the Antofagasta Region, is an investigation whose purpose was to generate a new and effective methodology for the elimination of this type of pollutant. Up to 2 meters of depth soil samples were taken, they were characterized and were then separated granulary to obtain finer fractions, under the hypothesis of that the particles of smaller size, having more surface area of contact may contain a higher concentration of pollutants, which were also characterized (fine sand and silt), these were passed through a process of washing of floors using ChemSol A and ChemSol S, which were evaluated sequentially, previously in independent way, subsequently discarded coarse fractions were mixed with fines treated, to generate a reconstituted soil, which was characterized by obtaining percentages of remediation for soil of 73% for As, 68% for Cu and 78% for Pb. The evaluation of a phytoremediation process was done, to monitor the behavior of a tree plant with accumulating capacity of metals known as Acacia caven in contact with contaminated soil, as a result of it we obtained data showing escalation projections because the plants were able to accumulate above 6000 ppm of Cu at the roots, this was a precursor condition of death, being also presented accumulations of 131 ppm Pb and 49 ppm of As. Additionally, washing solutions recovery methodologies were established first for ChemSol s, achieving 94% of reuse of the substrate, and second, with regard to the volume of ChemSol containing metals extracted, was reduced by 82% in order to assess its final disposition. With this work we were able to do an auspicious validation of a methodology for soil remediation, laying the groundwork for the future development of a mobile plant for pilings of remediation in areas of the mining industry.
Notas
Tesis (Magister en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Contaminación de Suelos, Minería, Chile, Región de Antofagasta