Geología y control hidroquímico del salar Aguas Calientes Sur, II Región de Antofagasta, Chile: relación con el desarrollo de sus facies evaporíticas
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2017
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El salar Aguas Calientes Sur se caracteriza por la poca cantidad de información respecto a su comportamiento geológico e hidrogeológico debido a que es un área protegida. Sin embargo, de acuerdo con trabajos previos y junto con el uso de metodologías de carácter remoto y nuevos datos obtenidos en terreno, el depósito salino está geológicamente caracterizado por situarse en una cuenca rodeada principalmente por material volcánico y sedimentario de edad Mioceno Superior-Holoceno, presentando una composición mineralógica mixta y cuya distribución se basa en la ocurrencia de dos facies principales, una de mayor distribución superficial y conformada por halita, yeso, nitratos, boratos y material detrítico, seguida por una segunda facies constituida por un alto enriquecimiento en sulfatos (yeso y otros), concentraciones subordinadas de carbonatos, cloruros y material detrítico de origen volcánico. Tal rasgo, así como el comportamiento hidroquímico dominantemente sódico-clorurado del depósito salino, podrían estar relacionados tanto con las variaciones climáticas dentro del sector altoandino como bien al aporte iónico de las sales evaporíticas producto de procesos continuos de disolución y precipitación.
The salar of Aguas Calientes Sur is characterized by the limited amount of information regarding their geological and hydrogeological behavior because it’s a protected area. However, according to previous work and together with the use of remote methodologies and new field data, the saline deposit is geologically characterized to be in a basin surrounded of Late Miocene-Holocene volcanic and sedimentary material, presenting a mixed mineralogical composition and which it’s distribution is based in the occurrence of two main facies, one with a higher superficial distribution and conformed by halite, gypsum, nitrates, borates and detritic material, followed by a second facies constituted by a higher sulfate enrichment (gypsum and others), subordinated carbonate and chloride concentrations and detritic material with volcanic support. Such feature, as well as the dominant sodic-chloride hydrochemical behavior of the deposit, could be related both to climatic variations inside of the High-Andean sector and to the ionic contribution of the evaporitic salts product of continuous processes of dissolution and precipitation.
The salar of Aguas Calientes Sur is characterized by the limited amount of information regarding their geological and hydrogeological behavior because it’s a protected area. However, according to previous work and together with the use of remote methodologies and new field data, the saline deposit is geologically characterized to be in a basin surrounded of Late Miocene-Holocene volcanic and sedimentary material, presenting a mixed mineralogical composition and which it’s distribution is based in the occurrence of two main facies, one with a higher superficial distribution and conformed by halite, gypsum, nitrates, borates and detritic material, followed by a second facies constituted by a higher sulfate enrichment (gypsum and others), subordinated carbonate and chloride concentrations and detritic material with volcanic support. Such feature, as well as the dominant sodic-chloride hydrochemical behavior of the deposit, could be related both to climatic variations inside of the High-Andean sector and to the ionic contribution of the evaporitic salts product of continuous processes of dissolution and precipitation.
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Palabras clave
Composición de los Recursos Naturales, Análisis de Aguas Subterráneas, Mineralogía, Región de Antofagasta, Chile