Sistema de control automático contra heladas en huertos de paltos con Raspberry PI 3 y Arduino Uno por medio de Wifi
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Fecha
2018
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Los avances de la ciencia y la tecnología han llegado a todos los ámbitos de la vida del ser humano, esto ha llevado a que incluso procesos agrícolas que históricamente han sido ejecutados exclusivamente por personas están comenzando a automatizarse con la finalidad de optimizar los procesos. Asimismo, los cambios climáticos se han convertido en una nueva variable y un desafío a considerar en lo que implica la mantención y cultivo de las diferentes plantaciones.
Es así como surge el presente proyecto, cuya finalidad es proponer un sistema de control automático contra heladas en huertos de paltos en la Región del Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, empleando para ello la telemetría del sistema de la Raspberry PI 3, Arduino Uno y comunicación inalámbrica (Wifi).
Las cualidades de la Raspberry permiten manejar e integrar en un sistema simple y claro las diferentes variables que están involucradas en el control de heladas, como lo son la temperatura ambiente, humedad y posibilidad de precipitaciones, por medio de sensores que emiten señales análogas y digitales que son integradas por el equipo anteriormente señalado. Luego de leer dichas señales, y cuando se cumplen las condiciones que han sido programadas, el equipo activa un ventilador, que es el encargado de realizar un ciclo de inversión de temperatura en las heladas de convección, que son las más comunes en la zona central de Chile. Temperaturas inferiores a 2°C son capaces de quemar huertos completos, por lo que emplear mecanismos que reviertan los efectos de las heladas es crucial para los productores de paltas.
Con estos antecedentes se hace necesario diseñar un sistema de control utilizando una lógica de configuración en Raspberry PI 3, con una programación interna que incluya las principales variables climáticas involucradas en la toma de decisiones en el manejo de control de heladas y que, a su vez, es compatible con una plataforma gráfica desarrollada en el software MyOpenLab.
Lo que el sistema acá propuesto realiza a grandes rasgos en los huertos de paltos, es la medición constante de temperatura ambiente, humedad y posibilidad de precipitaciones. Cuando las condiciones programadas se acercan a los factores de riesgo, el sistema, de manera autónoma, activa el ventilador que es el encargado de realizar el ciclo de inversión de temperatura por las corrientes de aire tibio que genera; reduciendo al máximo los peligros climáticos que enfrentan cada época invernal las plantaciones de paltos.
The advances of science and technology have reached all areas of human life, so even agricultural processes that have historically been executed by people who are beginning to be automated in order to optimize processes. Likewise, climatic changes have become a new variable to consider in what the maintenance and cultivation of the different plantations implies. This is how the present project arises, whose purpose is to propose a system of automatic control against frost in palm orchards in the Region of Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, using for this the telemetry of the Raspberry IP 3 system and wireless communication (wifi). The qualities of the raspberry allow to manage and integrate in a simple and clear system the different variables that are involved in the control of frosts, as it is the ambient temperature, humidity and possibility of precipitations, all this by means of sensors that emit analogous signals and digital that are integrated by the old equipment indicated. After reading the signals, and when the conditions that have been programmed are met, the equipment activates a fan, which is in charge of carrying out a cycle of inversion of the temperature in convection frosts, which are the most common in the area. Central of Chile. Temperatures lower than 2 ° C are capable of burning complete gardens, so that mechanisms that reverse the effects of frost are used. With this background it is necessary to design a control system that uses a Raspberry PI 3 logic, with an internal programming that includes the main climatic variables involved in the decision making in the management of frost control and that, in turn, it is compatible with a graphical platform developed in the MyOpenLab software. What the system presented here performs large features in the avocado orchards, in the constant measurement of ambient temperature, humidity and the possibility of precipitation. When the programmed conditions approach the risk factors, the system, autonomously, activates the fan that is in charge of carrying out the temperature inversion cycle due to the warm air currents that it generates; reducing to the maximum the climatic dangers that face each time in the avocado plantations.
The advances of science and technology have reached all areas of human life, so even agricultural processes that have historically been executed by people who are beginning to be automated in order to optimize processes. Likewise, climatic changes have become a new variable to consider in what the maintenance and cultivation of the different plantations implies. This is how the present project arises, whose purpose is to propose a system of automatic control against frost in palm orchards in the Region of Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, using for this the telemetry of the Raspberry IP 3 system and wireless communication (wifi). The qualities of the raspberry allow to manage and integrate in a simple and clear system the different variables that are involved in the control of frosts, as it is the ambient temperature, humidity and possibility of precipitations, all this by means of sensors that emit analogous signals and digital that are integrated by the old equipment indicated. After reading the signals, and when the conditions that have been programmed are met, the equipment activates a fan, which is in charge of carrying out a cycle of inversion of the temperature in convection frosts, which are the most common in the area. Central of Chile. Temperatures lower than 2 ° C are capable of burning complete gardens, so that mechanisms that reverse the effects of frost are used. With this background it is necessary to design a control system that uses a Raspberry PI 3 logic, with an internal programming that includes the main climatic variables involved in the decision making in the management of frost control and that, in turn, it is compatible with a graphical platform developed in the MyOpenLab software. What the system presented here performs large features in the avocado orchards, in the constant measurement of ambient temperature, humidity and the possibility of precipitation. When the programmed conditions approach the risk factors, the system, autonomously, activates the fan that is in charge of carrying out the temperature inversion cycle due to the warm air currents that it generates; reducing to the maximum the climatic dangers that face each time in the avocado plantations.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero en Automatización y Robótica)
Palabras clave
Control de Heladas, Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Paltos, Efecto del Frío