Flúor y prevención de caries en preescolares y escolares de 6 años en Chile y España : un estudio ecológico
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2012
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Facultad de Odontología
Chilean and Spanish Health lnstitutes perform various efforts on prevention and treatment of Dental Caries. Within the most disseminated and efective preventive measures for Dental caries, it could be found the use of fluoride in its various ways of utilization. Objective: To explore the relationship between caries prevalence of preschoolers and 6 years old school children in Chile and Spain using fluor as preventive measure. Methodology: This multiple-groups exploratory ecological study defined as its sample several surveys and researchs on caries prevalence in 6 years old preschool and school children of Chile and Spain. Also, it considered ordenances and/or normatives of administration, optimal fluor dosis for human in take and buccodental health politics for the groups of this research. Data recollection was made through bibliographic search from primary and official sources available both in Chile and Spain. Result analysis was realized through comparison of data tables, graphs and mathematical reasons. Results: Administration methods offer and optimal doses are similar in both countries. Fluoride use normatives in Chile are national; in Spain are borne by each autonomous community. Health Bucal Programs for preschool and school children differ between both nations. Chile presents caries prevalence of 17,52%, 50,46%, and 70,40% at 2, 4 and 6 years old respectively. ; and ceod of 0,46, 2,25 and 3,7 for the same ages with a COPD of 0,5 at the age of 6. Spain presents caries prevalence of 17,4%, 26,2%, and 55 36,3% at 3, 4 and 6 years old respectively; and ceod of 0,52, 0,76 and 0,76 for the same ages with a COPD of 0,04 at the age of 6. The proportion between caries prevalence and fluored drinkable water coverage had values of 0,7:1 and 1:1 for 4 and 6 years old children in Chile; in Spain, it had values of 3:1 and 3:1 for the same ages. Conclusions: There is an inverse relationship between fluoride exposure and caries prevention in preschoolers and 6 years old school children in Chile compares to Spain. lt is not possible to sustain that the preventive efforts of the Chilean Government are deficient in comparison to the measures taken by Spain due the limitations of the present study.
Chilean and Spanish Health lnstitutes perform various efforts on prevention and treatment of Dental Caries. Within the most disseminated and efective preventive measures for Dental caries, it could be found the use of fluoride in its various ways of utilization. Objective: To explore the relationship between caries prevalence of preschoolers and 6 years old school children in Chile and Spain using fluor as preventive measure. Methodology: This multiple-groups exploratory ecological study defined as its sample several surveys and researchs on caries prevalence in 6 years old preschool and school children of Chile and Spain. Also, it considered ordenances and/or normatives of administration, optimal fluor dosis for human in take and buccodental health politics for the groups of this research. Data recollection was made through bibliographic search from primary and official sources available both in Chile and Spain. Result analysis was realized through comparison of data tables, graphs and mathematical reasons. Results: Administration methods offer and optimal doses are similar in both countries. Fluoride use normatives in Chile are national; in Spain are borne by each autonomous community. Health Bucal Programs for preschool and school children differ between both nations. Chile presents caries prevalence of 17,52%, 50,46%, and 70,40% at 2, 4 and 6 years old respectively. ; and ceod of 0,46, 2,25 and 3,7 for the same ages with a COPD of 0,5 at the age of 6. Spain presents caries prevalence of 17,4%, 26,2%, and 55 36,3% at 3, 4 and 6 years old respectively; and ceod of 0,52, 0,76 and 0,76 for the same ages with a COPD of 0,04 at the age of 6. The proportion between caries prevalence and fluored drinkable water coverage had values of 0,7:1 and 1:1 for 4 and 6 years old children in Chile; in Spain, it had values of 3:1 and 3:1 for the same ages. Conclusions: There is an inverse relationship between fluoride exposure and caries prevention in preschoolers and 6 years old school children in Chile compares to Spain. lt is not possible to sustain that the preventive efforts of the Chilean Government are deficient in comparison to the measures taken by Spain due the limitations of the present study.
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
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Resumen
Las entidades de salud chilenas y españolas realizan distintos esfuerzos para la
prevención y tratamiento de la caries. Dentro de las medidas preventivas más
difundidas y efectivas está la utilización de Fluoruros en sus distintas vías de
administración.
Objetivo: Explorar la relación entre la prevalencia de caries de preescolares y
escolares de 6 años en Chile y España, con la utilización de Flúor como medida
preventiva.
Metodología: Este estudio ecológico de grupos múltiples exploratorio consideró como
muestra a estudios y encuestas de prevalencia de caries a nivel preescolar y escolar de
6 años de Chile y España. También decretos y/o normativas para la administración,
dosis óptimas de flúor para consumo humano y políticas de salud bucodental para las
edades en estudio. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de búsqueda
bibliográfica de fuentes primarias y oficiales disponibles tanto en Chile como en España.
El análisis de resultados se realizó a través de comparación de tablas, gráficos y uso de
razones.
Resultados: La oferta de vías de administración y dosis óptimas son similares en
ambos países. Las normativas para uso de Fluoruros en Chile son de carácter
nacional; en España recaen en cada comunidad autónoma. Los programas de salud
bucal en preescolares y escolares difieren entre ambas naciones. Chile presenta prevalencias de caries de 17,52%, 50,46%, 70,40% a los 2,4 y 6 años
respectivamente; e índices ceod 0,46; 2,25 y 3,7 para las mismas edades con un
COPD de 0,5 a los 6 años (1 ,2). España presenta prevalencia de caries de 17,4%,
26,2% y 36,3% a los 3,4 y años respectivamente; e índices ceod 0,52; 0,76 y 0,76 para
las mismas edades con un COPD de 0,04 a los 6 años (3,4 ). La razón entre prevalencia
de caries y cobertura de agua potable fluorurada arrojó valores para Chile de 0,7:1 y 1:1
para los 4 y 6 años de edad; en España, de 3:1 y 3:1 para las mismas edades.
Conclusión: Existe una relación inversa entre la exposición a fluoruros y la prevención
de caries en la población preescolar y escolar de 6 años en Chile en relación a España.
No es posible afirmar que los esfuerzos realizados por el Gobierno chileno sean
deficientes en comparación con las medidas tomadas por la nación ibérica, por las
limitantes del estudio.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista, Especialización en Salud Pública y Odontológica)
Palabras clave
Salud Pública., Caries Dental, Prevención y Control., Flúor, Administración y Dosis.