Estudio de efecto antimicrobiano del alcohol fenil etílico (PEA) sobre Streptococcus mutans
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Fecha
2023
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Profesor/a Guía
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Streptococcus mutans es una bacteria Gram positiva que presenta forma de
coco, habita en la cavidad oral y posee la capacidad de adherirse a las superficies
dentales y formar ácidos. Producto de estas dos últimas características, S.
mutans es considerada como uno de los microorganismos cariogénicos más
importantes asociados a las caries dentales.
Las caries son una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial producida por bacterias
generadoras de ácidos a partir de azúcares fermentables. Estudios reportados a
nivel mundial sobre la prevalencia de las caries indican que las caries se
encuentran presentes entre un 60-90% de los niños, mientras la FDI indicó que
las caries afectan aproximadamente al 44% de la población mundial. De esta
forma, la caries dental es una enfermedad de importancia pública, por lo cual en
los últimos años han surgido diferentes tipos de técnicas para prevenir su
aparición. Algunas de ellas son: controles anuales o semestrales, disminución de
zonas retentivas, cambios en la dieta, uso de flúor, etc.
Si bien estas técnicas han ayudo en la disminución de las caries no son 100%
efectivas, por lo cual se ha estado buscando un método o compuesto que pueda
contrarrestar la formación de caries de forma eficiente o permanente.
PEA es un alcohol aromático que presenta diferentes actividades entre las cuales
se encuentra ser antiséptico y antimicrobiano (altera la fluidez de la membrana).
Producto de esta última cualidad, PEA podría servir como un alcohol
anticariogénico. Por lo cual en el presente estudio se tiene como objetivo evaluar
el efecto de PEA sobre la bacteria S. mutans a través de estudios experimentales
tales como pruebas de sensibilidad y la determinación de la concentración
mínima inhibitoria en bacterias planctónicas y formando biopelículas. A partir de
estos resultados podremos evaluar el efecto de PEA frente a S. mutans.
Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium that has a coccal shape, inhabits the oral cavity, and has the ability to adhere to dental surfaces and produce acids. Due to these latter two characteristics, S. mutans is considered one of the most important cariogenic microorganisms associated with dental cavities. Cavities are a multifactorial infectious disease caused by acid-producing bacteria from fermentable sugars. Worldwide studies on cavities prevalence indicate that these are present in approximately 60-90% of children, while the FDI has indicated that cavities affect about 44% of the global population. Thus, dental cavity is a disease of public health importance, leading to the emergence of various techniques in recent years to prevent its occurrence. Some of these techniques include annual or semi-annual check-ups, reduction of retentive areas, dietary changes, and the use of fluoride, among others. Although these techniques have contributed to cavities reduction, they are not 100% effective, prompting the search for a method or compound that can efficiently or permanently counteract cavities formation. PEA is an aromatic alcohol that exhibits various qualities, including being an antiseptic and antimicrobial agent (it alters membrane fluidity). Due to this latter aspect, PEA could potentially serve as an anticariogenic alcohol. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of PEA on the bacterium S. mutans through experimental studies such as sensitivity tests and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration in planktonic bacteria and biofilm formation. Based on these results, we can assess the effect of PEA against S. mutans.
Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium that has a coccal shape, inhabits the oral cavity, and has the ability to adhere to dental surfaces and produce acids. Due to these latter two characteristics, S. mutans is considered one of the most important cariogenic microorganisms associated with dental cavities. Cavities are a multifactorial infectious disease caused by acid-producing bacteria from fermentable sugars. Worldwide studies on cavities prevalence indicate that these are present in approximately 60-90% of children, while the FDI has indicated that cavities affect about 44% of the global population. Thus, dental cavity is a disease of public health importance, leading to the emergence of various techniques in recent years to prevent its occurrence. Some of these techniques include annual or semi-annual check-ups, reduction of retentive areas, dietary changes, and the use of fluoride, among others. Although these techniques have contributed to cavities reduction, they are not 100% effective, prompting the search for a method or compound that can efficiently or permanently counteract cavities formation. PEA is an aromatic alcohol that exhibits various qualities, including being an antiseptic and antimicrobial agent (it alters membrane fluidity). Due to this latter aspect, PEA could potentially serve as an anticariogenic alcohol. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of PEA on the bacterium S. mutans through experimental studies such as sensitivity tests and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration in planktonic bacteria and biofilm formation. Based on these results, we can assess the effect of PEA against S. mutans.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciada en Biología)
Palabras clave
Streptococcus Mutans, Caries Dental, Prevención, Agentes Antimicrobianos, Alcohol Fenil Etílico