Examinando por Autor "Benbenishty, Rami"
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Ítem An eighteen-year longitudinal examination of school victimization and weapon use in California secondary schools(Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital, 2023-11-23) Benbenishty, Rami; Astor, Ron Avi; Roziner, IlanSchool safety has been a major public health issue in the United States and internationally for more than three decades. Many policies and programs have been developed and implemented to prevent school violence, improve the school climate, and increase safety. There are only a few peer-reviewed studies of changes in school violence over time. The study examined changes over time in school victimization, weapon involvement and school climate, comparing change trajectories by gender and race and different change trajectories among schools. Methods: A longitudinal study of the biennial California Healthy Kids Survey in secondary schools from 2001 to 2019. The representative sample included 6,219,166 students in grades 7, 9, and 11 (48.8% male) from 3253 schools (66% high schools). Results: All victimization and weapon involvement items had significant and substantial linear reductions. The largest reduction involved being in a physical fight (from 25.4% to 11.0%). There were reductions in weapon involvement (d = 0.46) and victimization (d = 0.38). Biased-based victimization only declined slightly (d = −0.05). School belongingness and safety increased (d = 0.27), adult support increased a small amount (d = 0.05), and student participation declined (d = −0.10). Changes were smallest among White students. Ninety-five percent of the schools showed the same pattern of reductions. Conclusions: The findings are in contrast to the public’s concerns that school violence is a growing problem. Reductions in school violence may result from social investment in school safety. A distinction should be made between school shootings and other forms of school violence.Ítem Continuous Exposure to Terrorism during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model in the Israeli Context(MDPI, 2023-02) Leshem, Becky; Kashy-Rosenbaum, Gabriela; Schiff, Miriam; Benbenishty, Rami; Pat-Horenczyk, RuthThis study tested the role of perceived social support as a moderating factor in the mediation of COVID-19-related concerns in the association between continuous traumatic stress (CTS) and depression. The study participants were 499 college students who responded to an anonymous online questionnaire. Measures included the assessment of prior continuous exposure to threats of terrorism, COVID-19-related distress, perceived social support and depressive symptoms. The results demonstrated that COVID-19-related concerns mediated the relationship between continuous exposure to threats of terrorism and depression symptoms, and that perceived social support moderated the association between COVID-19-related concerns and depression. The implications of the study highlight the role of prior exposure to traumatic stress as a risk factor for depression and the role of social support as a protective factor. These results point to the need to develop accessible and non-stigmatic mental health services for populations exposed to other types of continuous traumatic stress. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem COVID-Related Functional Difficulties and Concerns Among University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Binational Perspective(Springer, 2021-08) Schiff, Miriam; Zasiekina, Larysa; Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth; Benbenishty, RamiThe COVID-19 pandemic has created a sense of threat, and stress that has surged globally at an alarming pace. University students were confronted with new challenges. This study examined university students’ functional difficulties and concerns during COVID-19 pandemic in two countries: Israel and Ukraine. Additionally, it examined the similarities and differences in prediction of COVID-related concerns in both countries. Two large samples of university students were drawn from both countries. Results showed that students’ main functional difficulties in both countries were: worries about their family health status and their learning assignments. In both countries, COVID-related functional difficulties and stress associated with exposure to the media added a significant amount of the explained variance of COVID-related concerns after controlling for background variables. In conclusion—while the level of exposure and difficulties may differ by country and context, their associations with students’ concerns seem robust. Additionally, repeated exposure to media coverage about a community threat can lead to increased anxiety.Ítem Covid‐related concerns, the need for help, and perceived microaggression among young ultra‐orthodox jewish respondents in Israel(MDPI, 2021-06) Weiden, Faiga; Levinsky, Michal; Schiff, Miriam; Becker, Nati; Pat‐horenczyk, Ruth; Benbenishty, RamiMinority groups are especially vulnerable to the negative psychological and economic consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study focused on one prominent minority group in Israel: ultra‐Orthodox Jews. It examined the rate of exposure to COVID‐19, adherence to COVID‐19 mitigation guidelines, difficulties with adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines, COVID‐related concerns, financial hardships, the need for help, and microaggression during the first wave of the pandemic (April– May 2020). It then examined multivariate prediction of COVID‐related concerns, the need for help, and microaggression. The sample comprised 252 respondents, with 67% female and a mean age of 32.85 (SD = 10.63). Results showed that 78.8% of the participants knew at least one person who had tested positive for COVID‐19, and 31.4% knew at least one person who had passed away from COVID‐ 19. Only 59.7% of the participants reported high adherence to social distancing guidelines. Perceived microaggression was predicted by the difficulties with adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines, the level of stress associated with exposure to the media, and financial hardships. The study’s implications point to the centrality of perceived microaggression and the necessity of adopting culturally sensitive approaches to engage minorities in public efforts to fight the spread of viruses. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Economic self-sufficiency and the employment outcomes of care leavers: A 10-year follow up(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-08) Zeira, Anat; Refaeli, Tehila; Achdut, Netta; Benbenishty, RamiGaining employment and reaching a stable and self-sufficient livelihood are essential life tasks, especially for young people ageing out of public care. This longitudinal study followed alumni of welfare and educational residential care settings in Israel for 10 years after leaving care. Here, we describe care leavers' employment and economic self-sufficiency outcomes and examine differences over time in their experiences. They were interviewed at the age of 19, 1-year post-care (N = 235), 3 years later (N = 222) and 10 years after ageing out (N = 151). Results paint a mixed picture. While the majority of participants were employed, many in stable jobs, their wages were low even as they grow older. At the same time, they experienced significant economic hardships. For some, economic hardship decreased with time, but for others it remained a cause for concern. Our findings highlight the inherent dependency between experiences at different life stages and suggest that providing more support to care leavers would improve their economic outcomes. © 2022 The Authors. Child & Family Social Work published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Ítem Family support as a working style in child protection in Italy: A comparative study on social workers' child welfare attitudes(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-05) Segatto, Barbara; Dal Ben, Anna; Genre Bert, Selene; Benbenishty, RamiComparative studies on child protection decision-making highlight the implications and determinants of differences in child welfare systems internationally and reinforce discussions regarding child protection practices and family support when a child is exposed to inadequate parental care. To date, Italian child protection studies have highlighted a system characterised by a strong degree of variability related to the absence of practices shared nationally. Differently, this comparative study focuses more on similarities within the Italian context, seeking to understand how they influence practices. The opinions of 188 Italian social workers with respect to the substantiation of maltreatment, risk assessment and intervention recommendations were compared with the results of a recent study involving practitioners in Israel, Northern Ireland, Spain and the Netherlands. The main outcomes show that Italian social workers prefer a family support orientation, meaning that children are usually removed from their home only if necessary and generally with the aim of reunification with their families. The study also reveals that Italian professionals are more in favour of residential care than foster care. © 2022 The Authors. Child & Family Social Work published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Ítem Populations trust in the child protection system: A cross-country comparison of nine high-income jurisdictions(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022) Skivenes, Marit; Benbenishty, RamiIn this study, we examine the trust placed by the populations of nine jurisdictions in their child protection systems. These systems protect children’s rights and grant authority for invasive interventions to curtail or even terminate parental rights and responsibilities. We have representative samples of the populations of each jurisdiction. The results show that about 40–50% of respondents express trust in the child protection agencies, social workers and judges who make decisions. There are clear differences between jurisdictions, with the Anglo-American countries at the lower end of the trust scale. Examining the impact of institutional context, we find that institutional context matters for the degree of peoples’ trust in the child protection system. This indicates that the typology of child protection systems has relevance, and more empirical studies are encouraged. Some demographic characteristics (age, having children, income, education) and ideological variables (political orientation) are also correlated with trust levels. © The Author(s) 202Ítem Securing permanence for children in care: A cross-country analysis of citizen's view on adoption versus foster care(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-05) Skivenes, Marit; Benbenishty, RamiIf children in child protection cannot be cared for by their natural parents, should they be adopted or live in foster home? Results from a study of representative samples of populations (n = 12 330), in eight European countries—Austria, England, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Norway and Spain—and California, USA, reveal that people would recommend adoption over foster care, if a child in public care cannot grow up with their natural parent(s). There are cross-country differences between populations, and examining if institutional context such as type of child protection system explains differences, we find that child maltreatment-oriented systems are more supportive of adoption than other types of systems. Citizens having little confidence in the child protection system were only weakly correlated with preference for adoption. In conclusion, people prefer adoption as placement options for children in care are more than foster homes, and possible this finding reflects a sort of refamalialization of children into the private sphere. © 2022 The Authors. Child & Family Social Work published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.