Examinando por Autor "Blazquez, Carola A."

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    Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with Injury Severity in Pedestrian Crashes in Santiago, Chile
    (MDPI, 2022-09) Rampinelli, Angelo; Calderón, Juan Felipe; Blazquez, Carola A.; Sauer-Brand, Karen; Hamann, Nicolás; Nazif-Munoz, José Ignacio
    Pedestrians are vulnerable road users that are directly exposed to road traffic crashes with high odds of resulting in serious injuries and fatalities. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify the risk factors associated with injury severity in pedestrian crashes to promote safe and friendly walking environments for pedestrians. This study investigates the risk factors related to pedestrian, crash, and built environment characteristics that contribute to different injury severity levels in pedestrian crashes in Santiago, Chile from a spatial and statistical perspective. First, a GIS kernel density technique was used to identify spatial clusters with high concentrations of pedestrian crash fatalities and severe injuries. Subsequently, partial proportional odds models were developed using the crash dataset for the whole city and the identified spatial clusters to examine and compare the risk factors that significantly affect pedestrian crash injury severity. The model results reveal higher increases in the fatality probability within the spatial clusters for statistically significant contributing factors related to drunk driving, traffic signage disobedience, and imprudence of the pedestrian. The findings may be utilized in the development and implementation of effective public policies and preventive measures to help improve pedestrian safety in Santiago. © 2022 by the authors.
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    Spatial distribution of particulate matter on winter nights in Temuco, Chile: Studying the impact of residential wood-burning using mobile monitoring
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022-10-01) Blanco, Estela; Rubilar, Francisco; Quinteros, Maria Elisa; Cayupi, Karen; Ayala, Salvador; Lu, Siyao; Jimenez, Raquel B.; Cárdenas, Juan Pablo; Blazquez, Carola A.; Delgado Saborit, Juana Maria; Harrison, Roy M.; Ruiz Rudolph, Pablo
    Temuco, a medium-sized city in the south of Chile, is heavily impacted by residential wood-burning particularly in winter, which causes strong episodes of air pollution. We spatially characterized the distribution of particulate matter (PM) during winter nights in Temuco using mobile measurements. In winter 2016 (June 8-July 15th), continuous monitors for PM ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles <0.1 μm (UFP) were deployed in a vehicle along with a positioning system during 20 nights (20:00 to 2:00) in assigned routes that crossed the city and additional sampling was conducted at a central site. Measurements were expressed as concentrations and ratios to central site concentrations and collapsed by spatial grids of 50, 100, 200, and 400 m. Average PM2.5 concentrations were ∼100 μg m−3, while UFP ∼30,000 counts cm−3. Some neighborhoods had concentrations of PM2.5 nearly double those measured at a centrally located site, while other neighborhoods had less than half the measured level. We identified hotspots and cold spots of PM2.5 and UFP throughout the urban area—and observed some neighborhoods in which over 20% of the area was categorized as a hotspot for one of the pollutants (14 for PM2.5 and 11 for UFP out of 34). Using mobile monitoring—a relatively simple and inexpensive methodology— we characterized the spatial distribution of pollutants and likely clusters for the time period, which may guide future spatial campaigns and help targeting local interventions aimed at air pollution mitigation. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd