Examinando por Autor "Bruhn, A."
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Ítem Effect of a lung rest strategy during ECMO in a porcine acute lung injury model(SpringerOpen, 2015-10) Araos, J.; Cruces, P.; Tapia, P.; Alegria, L.; García, P.; Salomon, T.; Rodriguez, F.; Amthauer, M.; Castro, G.; Erranz, B.; Soto, D.; Carreño, P.; Medina, T.; Damiani, F.; Bugedo, G.; Bruhn, A.Introduction ECMO is used to treat patients who develop refractory hypoxemia and to provide a more protective ventilation. Several guidelines recommend “lung rest” strategies based on variable ventilatory parameters. However, there is limited evidence to support this strategy. Objectives To compare the effect of a lung rest strategy based on near-apneic ventilation (Vt 1-2 ml/kg, PEEP 10, respiratory rate-RR 5 min) versus conventional (Vt 10ml/kg, PEEP 5, RR 20/min), and standard protective ventilation (Vt 6ml/kg, PEEP 10, RR 20/min). Methods Twenty-four domestic pigs (26-36 kg) were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated (Vt 10 ml/kg, PEEP 5, O2 1.0) and invasively monitored. Six animals were used as Sham. In the other 18 lung injury was induced by saline lavages (30 ml/kg per lavage) performed repeatedly in both supine and prone position until PaO2/FiO2 dropped below 250. They were then subjected to a 2-hour injurious ventilation with PCV, PEEP = 0, Pinsp = 40 cmH2O, RR = 10/min, I:E = 1:1, one hour in prone and the other in supine. After completing lung injury (time 0) animals were connected to a saline primed-MEDOS Hilite ECMO circuit by inserting a AVALON 23F double-lumen cannula through the external jugular vein. Blood flow was set at 60-70% of cardiac output. Animals were randomized into one of the three groups and ventilated according to randomization for the following 24 hours. Respiratory and hemodynamic data were collected at times 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24h. After euthanizing animals at time 24h, tissue samples were extracted from the lungs and injury evaluated and scored by light microscopy. Total lung water content was estimated by the wet-dry weight ratio. Results PaO2 decreased significantly in all groups after injury, but was progressively restored after ECMO start, despite the study group. Mean arterial pressure remained within normal limits throughout the study period, whereas MPAP increased significantly after injury but reached values close to SHAM soon after ECMO initiation. Lung wet-dry weight ratio and histological injury score increased significantly in all study groups compared to SHAM. Although non-significant, there was a trend towards a better histological injury score when Vt was reduced. Conclusions In this preliminary analysis, we found no clear advantage of reducing Vt when applying ECMO to support a double-hit animal model of ARDS in regard to resolution of lung edema or gas exchange. However, further work is required to determine if the non-significant reduction in lung injury observed in the near-apneic strategy may be relevant in providing further protection to the injured lungs supported by ECMO. © 2015 Araos et al.Ítem Spontaneous breathing promotes lung injury in an experimental model of alveolar collapse(Nature Research, 2022-12) Bachmann, M.; Cruces, P.; Díaz, F.; Oviedo, V.; Goich, M.; Fuenzalida, J.; Damiani, L.; Basoalto, R.; Jalil, Y.; Carpio, D.; Hamidi Vadeghani, N.; Cornejo, R.; Rovegno, M.; Bugedo, G.; Bruhn, A.; Retamal, J.Vigorous spontaneous breathing has emerged as a promotor of lung damage in acute lung injury, an entity known as “patient self-inflicted lung injury”. Mechanical ventilation may prevent this second injury by decreasing intrathoracic pressure swings and improving regional air distribution. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of spontaneous breathing during the early stage of acute respiratory failure on lung injury and determine whether early and late controlled mechanical ventilation may avoid or revert these harmful effects. A model of partial surfactant depletion and lung collapse was induced in eighteen intubated pigs of 32 ±4 kg. Then, animals were randomized to (1) SB‐group: spontaneous breathing with very low levels of pressure support for the whole experiment (eight hours), (2) Early MV-group: controlled mechanical ventilation for eight hours, or (3) Late MV-group: first half of the experiment on spontaneous breathing (four hours) and the second half on controlled mechanical ventilation (four hours). Respiratory, hemodynamic, and electric impedance tomography data were collected. After the protocol, animals were euthanized, and lungs were extracted for histologic tissue analysis and cytokines quantification. SB-group presented larger esophageal pressure swings, progressive hypoxemia, lung injury, and more dorsal and inhomogeneous ventilation compared to the early MV-group. In the late MV-group switch to controlled mechanical ventilation improved the lung inhomogeneity and esophageal pressure swings but failed to prevent hypoxemia and lung injury. In a lung collapse model, spontaneous breathing is associated to large esophageal pressure swings and lung inhomogeneity, resulting in progressive hypoxemia and lung injury. Mechanical ventilation prevents these mechanisms of patient self-inflicted lung injury if applied early, before spontaneous breathing occurs, but not when applied late.