Examinando por Autor "Bruna, Tamara"
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Ítem A Modeled High-Density Fed-Batch Culture Improves Biomass Growth and β-Glucans Accumulation in Microchloropsis salina(MDPI, 2022-12) Ocaranza, Darío; Balic, Iván; Bruna, Tamara; Moreno, Ignacio; Díaz, Oscar; Moreno, Adrián A.; Caro, NelsonAlgae and microalgae are used as a source of different biomolecules, such as lipids and carbohydrates. Among carbohydrates, polysaccharides, such as β-glucans, are important for their application as antioxidants, antisepsis, and immunomodulators. In the present work, the β-glucans production potential of Microchloropsis salina was assessed using two different culture conditions: a high-density batch and a modeled high-density fed-batch. From the biochemical parameters determined from these two cultures conditions, it was possible to establish that the modeled high-density fed-batch culture improves the biomass growth. It was possible to obtain a biomass productivity equal to 8.00 × 10−2 ± 2.00 × 10−3 g/(L × day), while the batch condition reached 5.13 × 10−2 ± 4.00 × 10−4 g/(L × day). The same phenomenon was observed when analyzing the β-glucans accumulation, reaching volumetric productivity equal to 5.96 × 10−3 ± 2.00 × 10−4 g of product/(L × day) against the 4.10 × 10−3 ± 2.00 × 10−4 g of product/(L × day) obtained in batch conditions. These data establish a baseline condition to optimize and significantly increase β-glucan productivity, as well as biomass, adding a new and productive source of this polymer, and integrating its use in potential applications in the human and animal nutraceutical industry. © 2022 by the authors.Ítem A Modeled High-Density Fed-Batch Culture Improves Biomass Growth and β-Glucans Accumulation in Microchloropsis salina(Plants, 2022-12) Ocaranza, Darío; Balic, Iván; Bruna, Tamara; Moreno, Ignacio; Díaz, Oscar; Moreno, Adrián A.; Caro, NelsonAlgae and microalgae are used as a source of different biomolecules, such as lipids and carbohydrates. Among carbohydrates, polysaccharides, such as β-glucans, are important for their application as antioxidants, antisepsis, and immunomodulators. In the present work, the β-glucans production potential of Microchloropsis salina was assessed using two different culture conditions: a high-density batch and a modeled high-density fed-batch. From the biochemical parameters determined from these two cultures conditions, it was possible to establish that the modeled high density fed-batch culture improves the biomass growth. It was possible to obtain a biomass pro ductivity equal to 8.00 × 10−2 ± 2.00 × 10−3 g/(L × day), while the batch condition reached 5.13 × 10−2 ± 4.00 × 10−4 g/(L × day). The same phenomenon was observed when analyzing the β-glucans accumulation, reaching volumetric productivity equal to 5.96 × 10−3 ± 2.00 × 10−4 g of product/(L × day) against the 4.10 × 10−3 ± 2.00 × 10−4 g of product/(L × day) obtained in batch conditions. These data establish a baseline condition to optimize and significantly increase β-glucan productivity, as well as biomass, adding a new and productive source of this polymer, and integrating its use in potential applications in the human and animal nutraceutical industry.Ítem Florfenicol Binding to Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles in Model and Real Samples(MDPI AG, 2020-02) Caro, Nelson; Bruna, Tamara; Guerreiro, Antonio; Alvarez-Tejos, Paola; Garretón, Virginia; Piletsky, Sergey; González-Casanova, Jorge; Rojas-Gómez, Diana; Ehrenfeld, NicoleA simple and straightforward technique for coating microplate wells with molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) to develop assays similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay to determine and quantify florfenicol (FF) in real food samples such as liquid milk and salmon muscle is presented here. The nanoMIPs were synthesized by a solid-phase approach with an immobilized FF (template) and characterized using dynamic light scattering, a SPR-2 biosensor system and transmission electron microscopy. Immobilization of nanoMIPs was conducted by preparing a homogenous solution of FF-nanoMIPs in water mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 0.2% (w/v) in each well of a microplate. The detection of florfenicol was achieved in competitive binding experiments with a horseradish peroxidase−florfenicol (FF-HRP) conjugate. The assay made it possible to measure FF in buffer and in real samples (liquid milk and salmon muscle) within the range of 60−80 and 90–100 ng/mL, respectively. The immobilized nanoMIPs were stored for six weeks at room temperature and at 5 °C. The results indicate good signal recovery for all FF concentrations in spiked milk samples, without any detrimental effects to their binding properties. The high affinity of nanoMIPs and the lack of a requirement for cold chain logistics make them an attractive alternative to traditional antibodies used in ELISA. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Host-parasite dialogue: fecundity compensation mechanisms of Fissurella crassa(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) García-Huidobro, M. Roberto; Reyes, Miguel; Fuentes, Nelson Caro; Bruna, Tamara; Guzmán-Rivas, Fabián; Urzúa, Ángel; Pulgar, José; Aldana, MarcelaParasites can alter the reproductive performance of their hosts, and to avoid or mitigate the resulting fitness loss, hosts may increase their current reproductive output to compensate for the future loss due to the parasitic infection. Fecundity compensation can be exploited by parasites for their own transmission (exploitation of host compensatory responses by parasites). However, this phenomenon has rarely been reported in second intermediate hosts of trematodes and its mechanisms and consequences largely unexplored. Along the east coast of the South Pacific, the second intermediate host, the mollusk Fissurella crassa, has been observed to display higher muscular foot, greater shell length and weight, and a higher gonadosomatic index when parasitized by metacercariaes of Proctoeces humboldti compared to non-parasitized hosts. In this study, we examined the histology, biochemistry (glucose, lipids, and proteins), and levels of sex hormones (estradiol and progesterone) in both parasitized and non-parasitized female individuals of F. crassa. Our findings revealed that the gonad of parasitized limpets had a higher density of oocytes, but these had a smaller individual area. Additionally, the gonadal tissue of parasitized limpets exhibited lower glucose content but higher lipid content. Notably, the levels of progesterone increased with parasite intensity. These results suggest that F. crassa possesses the ability to compensate for the negative effects of parasites by increasing the number of oocytes through biochemical and hormonal mechanisms. Our study contributes to the limited research on the impact of metacercariae on the reproduction of second intermediate hosts. Furthermore, we discuss how these changes in parasitized limpets could benefit parasite transmission. Copyright © 2024 García-Huidobro, Reyes, Fuentes, Bruna, Guzmán-Rivas, Urzúa, Pulgar and Aldana.Ítem Nanomaterials for Potential Detection and Remediation: A Review of Their Analytical and Environmental Applications(Coatings, 2024-12) Salazar Sandoval, Sebastián; Bruna, Tamara; Maldonado-Bravo, Francisca; Jara, Paul; Caro, Nelson; Rojas-Romo, Carlos; González-Casanova, Jorge; Gómez, Diana Rojas; Yutronic, Nicolás; Urzúa, Marcela; Rodríguez-San Pedro, AnniaThe rapid increase in industrialization and human population is leading to critical levels of environmental pollutants, such as agrochemicals or heavy metals, which affect the preservation and integrity of ecosystems, the accessibility to drinking water sources, and the quality of the air. As such, remediation of these issues demands strategies for implementing and designing novel technologies. In that regard, nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties that make them desirable candidates for the detection and remediation of environmental pollutants. The scope of this review is to provide an analysis of the available nanomaterials that are being used as an approach to detect and remediate hazardous residues, comprising systems such as noble metals, biosensors, cyclodextrin-based polymers, and graphene oxide nanocomposites, to name a few. Furthermore, this work discusses said nanomaterials in terms of their effectiveness, sustainability, and selectivity as a guideline for researchers wishing to indulge in this relevant study area.Ítem Nanomaterials for Potential Detection and Remediation: A Review of Their Analytical and Environmental Applications(MDPI, 2024) Salazar Sandoval, Sebastián; Bruna, Tamara; Maldonado-Bravo, Francisca; Jara, Paul; Caro, Nelson; Rojas-Romo, Carlos; González-Casanova, Jorge; Gómez, Diana Rojas; Yutronic, Nicolás; Urzúa, Marcela; Rodríguez-San Pedro, AnniaThe rapid increase in industrialization and human population is leading to critical levels of environmental pollutants, such as agrochemicals or heavy metals, which affect the preservation and integrity of ecosystems, the accessibility to drinking water sources, and the quality of the air. As such, remediation of these issues demands strategies for implementing and designing novel technologies. In that regard, nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties that make them desirable candidates for the detection and remediation of environmental pollutants. The scope of this review is to provide an analysis of the available nanomaterials that are being used as an approach to detect and remediate hazardous residues, comprising systems such as noble metals, biosensors, cyclodextrin-based polymers, and graphene oxide nanocomposites, to name a few. Furthermore, this work discusses said nanomaterials in terms of their effectiveness, sustainability, and selectivity as a guideline for researchers wishing to indulge in this relevant study area.