Examinando por Autor "Carlos-Vivas, Jorge"
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Ítem A Cross-Sectional Study about the Associations between Physical Activity Level, Self-Perceived Health Perception and Mental Health in Informal Caregivers of Elderly or People with Chronic Conditions in Spain(MDPI, 2022-05-01) Denche-Zamorano, Ángel; Muñoz-Bermejo, Laura; Carlos-Vivas, Jorge; Mendoza-Muñoz, María; Franco-García, Juan Manuel; Rojo-Ramos, Jorge; Vega-Muñoz, Alejandro; Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás; Barrios-Fernandez, SabinaProviding informal care for older people, or people with chronic conditions, is associated with poorer physical and mental health and reduced quality of life. This task, in many cases, often relies on the women in the immediate family. Physical activity (PA) is a tool to enhance caregivers’ physical and mental health and their quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the associations between the physical activity level (PAL), self-perceived health (SPH) and mental health (SM) and its factors (positive coping, self-esteem, and stress) by conducting a cross-sectional study by using data from in the National Health Survey 2017 (ENSE 2017), the last one before the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 2225 caregivers (866 men and 1361 women). Descriptive analysis and non-parametric statistical tests, including chi-square, the Kruskal–Wallis test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, were used. Dependence relationships were found between PAL and SPH and MH and their factors. The population groups that performed moderate or vigorous PA showed better results in both SPH and MH. Women scored worse than men in all the variables analysed. Hence, intense, or moderate PA practice may improve SPH and MH in Spanish informal caregivers, requiring the implementation of policies and programs considering the differences found between men and women in PAL, SPH, and MH. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Associations between Body Image and Self-Perceived Physical Fitness in Future Spanish Teachers(MDPI, 2022-05) Rojo-Ramos, Jorge; Gómez-Paniagua, Santiago; Carlos-Vivas, Jorge; Barrios-Fernandez, Sabina; Vega-Muñoz, Alejandro; Mañanas-Iglesias, Carlos; Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás; Adsuar, José CarmeloBody image is a complex construct related to how each person perceives their own body and how they value it. Physical fitness and physical activity are factors that can influence the perception of a better or worse body image. This study aimed to identify the potential associations between body image and physical fitness self-perception in future Spanish teachers, analysing possible sex-related differences. A total of 278 Spanish university students answered the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire and the International Fitness Scale, having an average age of 22 years, of which 40% were men and 60% were women. Nonparametric techniques (Spearman’s Rho test) were used as the data did not fit normality. The findings showed associations between body image and perceived physical fitness, confirming differences between the sexes. Correlations were found between the first three dimensions of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations and the International Fitness Scale, with sex-related differences being more significant in women than in men, and between the physical abilities self-assessed by the International Fitness Scale (except flexibility) and the dimensions of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations (except Dimension 4). Since body image influences well-being and conditions the time spent exercising, public health organisations and universities should design supports to improve master students’ body image through physical activity programmes, education and sex-specific individualised attention. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem A Cross-Sectional Study on Self-Perceived Health and Physical Activity Level in the Spanish Population(MDPI, 2022) Denche-Zamorano, Ángel; Mendoza-Muñoz, María; Carlos-Vivas, Jorge; Muñoz-Bermejo, Laura; Rojo-Ramos, Jorge; Pastor-Cisneros, Raquel; Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Godoy-Cumillaf, Andrés; Barrios-Fernandez, SabinaOne-third of the Spanish population over 15 years of age did not achieve a reasonable amount of physical activity (PA) before the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to analyse the associations between the PA level (PAL) and self-perceived health (SPH) in the Spanish population aged 15–69 years during the pre-pandemic period. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 (ENSE 2017) data, with 17,777 participants. We carried out a descriptive analysis, analysed intergroup differences with non-parametric statistical tests, and calculated the Odds Ratio (OR) and Relative Risk (RR) of having a negative SPH according to PAL. In addition, correlations between PAL and SPH were studied, finding associations between them (p < 0.001). Thus, performing moderate and intense PA was related to better SPH than just walking or inactive. Weak and moderate correlations were found between PAL and SPH (p < 0.001). We also found high ORs and RRs of negative SPH as PAL decreased. Moderate and intense PA were related to positive SPH, while the risk of negative perception in inactive people was higher. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem The effects of whole-body muscle stimulation on body composition and strength parameters: A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2023-02) Rodrigues-Santana, Luiz; Hugo, Louro; Pérez-Gómez, Jorge; Hernández-Mocholí, Miguel A.; Carlos-Vivas, Jorge; Saldaña-Cortés, Pilar; Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás; Adsuar, José C.Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to determine the efficacy of whole-body muscle electrostimulation on body composition, strength, and muscle power in active and non-active adults (aged ≥18 years). Method: This review was reported in accordance with the Protocol Statement of Preferred Reporting Element Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis included controlled trials; whole-body electromyostimulation trials with at least 1 exercise and control group; participants >18 years old. Outcome measures were defined as standardized mean differences for muscle mass, body fat mass, strength, and power. Studies were searched in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and EMBASE for all articles published up to July 30, 2021. The risk of bias was assessed by 2 independent researchers using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. Analyses were performed using the metafor package of the statistical software R (version 4.0.3; R Core Team, 2020). Random effects models, forest, and funnel plots to quantify the asymmetry associated with publication bias were fitted using the metafor library in R. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Results: In total, 26 studies representing 1183 participants were included (WB-electromyostimulation: n = 586 and control group: n = 597). The mean age of the participants ranged from a minimum of 20.4 to a maximum of 77.4 years old. Interventions lasted a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 54 weeks. Standardized mean difference was 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-0.57) for muscle mass, -0.38 (95% CI: -0.62-0.15) for body fat, 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35-0.72) for strength, and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.02-0.71) for power with significant differences between groups (all P <.04). I2 revealed low heterogeneity of muscle mass (15%) and power (0%) between trials and medium heterogeneity of body fat (45%) and strength (55%). Conclusion: We concluded that WB-electromyostimulation has significant positive effects on muscle mass, body fat, strength, and power. Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.