Examinando por Autor "Carter, Mauricio J."
Mostrando 1 - 5 de 5
Resultados por página
Opciones de ordenación
Ítem Editorial: Ecological and evolutionary relevance of phenotypic plasticity in a changing world(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-02) Ivimey-Cook, Edward R.; Cortes, Pablo A.; Carter, Mauricio J.Understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of phenotypic plasticity, the ability of an individual genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental variability, is crucial to consider in light of the rapid change in global environmental conditions that we are now experiencing (Kingsolver and Buckley, 2017). Whilst the evolutionary potential to respond to these novel environments is still debatable, increasing our knowledge of such a process gives us indispensable information into the mechanisms that will underpin the changes to an organism's distributional range and local extinction probability (Merilä and Hendry, 2014). This Research Topic aimed to bring together a wealth of different eco-physiological disciplines, from evolution to physiology, to better understand the mechanisms that allow organisms both at the individual and at the population level, to maximize fitness and survival in response to changing environments.Ítem Evolution of a predator-induced, nonlinear reaction norm(Royal Society Publishing, 2017-09) Carter, Mauricio J.; Lind, Martin I.; Dennis, Stuart R.; Hentley, William; Beckerman, Andrew P.Inducible, anti-predator traits are a classic example of phenotypic plasticity. Their evolutionary dynamics depend on their genetic basis, the historical pattern of predation risk that populations have experienced and current selection gradients. When populations experience predators with contrasting hunting strategies and size preferences, theory suggests contrasting micro-evolutionary responses to selection. Daphnia pulex is an ideal species to explore the microevolutionary response of anti-predator traits because they face heterogeneous predation regimes, sometimes experiencing only invertebrate midge predators and other times experiencing vertebrate fish and invertebrate midge predators. We explored plausible patterns of adaptive evolution of a predator-induced morphological reaction norm. We combined estimates of selection gradients that characterize the various habitats that D. pulex experiences with detail on the quantitative genetic architecture of inducible morphological defences. Our data reveal a fine scale description of daphnid defensive reaction norms, and a strong covariance between the sensitivity to cues and the maximum response to cues. By analysing the response of the reaction norm to plausible, predator-specific selection gradients,we showhowin the context of this covariance, micro-evolution may be more uniform than predicted from size-selective predation theory. Our results show how covariance between the sensitivity to cues and the maximum response to cues for morphological defence can shape the evolutionary trajectory of predator-induced defences in D. pulex. © 2017 The Authors.Ítem Temperature variability and metabolic adaptation in terrestrial and aquatic ectotherms(Elsevier, 2023-07) Carter, Mauricio J.; Cortes, Pablo A.; Rezende, Enrico L.Thermodynamics is a major factor determining rates of energy expenditure, rates of biochemical dynamics, and ultimately the biological and ecological processes linked with resilience to global warming in ectothermic organisms. Nonetheless, whether ectothermic organisms exhibit general adaptive metabolic responses to cope with worldwide variation in thermal conditions has remained as an open question. Here we combine a model comparison approach with a global dataset of standard metabolic rates (SMR), including 1,160 measurements across 788 species of aquatic invertebrates, insects, fishes, amphibians and reptiles, to investigate the association between metabolic rates and environmental temperatures in their respective habitats. Our analyses suggest that variation in SMR after removing allometric and thermodynamic effects is best explained by the temperature range encountered across seasons, which always provided a better fit than the average temperature for the hottest and coldest month and mean annual temperatures. This pattern was consistent across taxonomic groups and robust to sensitivity analyses. Nonetheless, aquatic and terrestrial lineages responded differently to seasonality, with SMR declining – 6.8% °C−1 of thermal range across seasons in aquatic organisms and increasing 2.8% °C−1 in terrestrial organisms. These responses may reflect alternative strategies to mitigate the impact of increments in warmer temperatures on energy expenditure, either by means of metabolic reduction in thermally homogeneous water bodies or effective behavioral thermoregulation to exploit temperature heterogeneity on land. © 2023 Elsevier LtdÍtem The role of indirect genetic effects in the evolution of interacting reproductive behaviors in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides(Ecology and Evolution, 2019-02) Carter, Mauricio J.; Wilson, Alastair J.; Moore, Allen J.; Royle, Nick J.Social interactions can give rise to indirect genetic effects (IGEs), which occur when genes expressed in one individual affect the phenotype of another individual. The evolutionary dynamics of traits can be altered when there are IGEs. Sex often involves indirect effects arising from first-order (current) or second-order (prior) social interactions, yet IGEs are infrequently quantified for reproductive behaviors. Here, we use experimental populations of burying beetles that have experienced bidirectional selection on mating rate to test for social plasticity and IGEs associated with focal males mating with a female either without (first-order effect) or with (second-order effect) prior exposure to a competitor, and resource defense behavior (first-order effect). Additive IGEs were detected for mating rate arising from (first-order) interactions with females. For resource defense behavior, a standard variance partitioning analysis provided no evidence of additive genetic variance—either direct or indirect. However, behavior was predicted by focal size relative to that of the competitor, and size is also heritable. Assuming that behavior is causally dependent on relative size, this implies that both DGEs and IGEs do occur (and may potentially interact). The relative contribution of IGEs may differ among social behaviors related to mating which has consequences for the evolutionary trajectories of multivariate traits.Ítem Upper thermal limits and risk of mortality of coastal Antarctic ectotherms(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-01) Carter, Mauricio J.; García-Huidobro, M. Roberto; Aldana, Marcela; Rezende, Enrico L.; Bozinovic, Francisco; Galbán-Malagón, Cristóbal; Pulgar, José M.Antarctic marine animals face one of the most extreme thermal environments, characterized by a stable and narrow range of low seawater temperatures. At the same time, the Antarctic marine ecosystems are threatened by accelerated global warming. Determining the upper thermal limits (CTmax) is crucial to project the persistence and distribution areas of the Antarctic marine species. Using thermal death time curves (TDT), we estimated CTmax at different temporal scales from 1 minute to daily and seasonal, the predict vulnerability to the current thermal variation and two potential heatwave scenarios. Our results revealed that CTmax at 1 min are far from the temperature present in the marine intertidal area where our study species, showing Echinoderm species higher CTmax than the Chordata and Arthropods species. Simulations indicated that seasonal thermal variation from the intertidal zone contributed to basal mortality, which increased after considering moderate scenarios of heatwaves (+2°C) in the Shetland Archipelago intertidal zone. Our finding highlighted the relevance of including exposure time explicitly on the CTmax estimates, which deliver closer and more realistic parameters according to the species that may be experiencing in the field. Copyright © 2023 Carter, García-Huidobro, Aldana, Rezende, Bozinovic, Galbán-Malagón and Pulgar.