Examinando por Autor "Castro, Rodrigo"
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Ítem Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Isolates from the Uterus of Healthy Mares(MDPI, 2023-09) Thomson, Pamela; García, Patricia; Río, Camila del; Castro, Rodrigo; Núñez, Andrea; Miranda, CarolinaAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing concern for human and animal health. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolates from the uterus of healthy mares. For this purpose, 21 mares were swabbed for samples, which were later seeded on blood agar and MacConkey agar. The isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF and the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby–Bauer technique. To characterize the resistance genes, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) scheme was performed. Of the isolates identified as Gram-negative, 68.8% were Enterobacterales, represented by E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae; 28.1% belonged to the genus Acinetobacter spp.; and 3.1% to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A 9.3% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), presenting resistance to antibiotics from three different classes, while 18.8% presented resistance to two or more classes of different antibiotics. The diversity of three genes that code for ESBL (blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV) was detected in 12.5% of the strains. The most frequent was blaSHV, while blaTEM and blaCTX-M were present in Citrobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These results are an alarm call for veterinarians and their environment and suggest taking measures to prevent the spread of these microorganisms.Ítem Changes in the gut microbiome and colic in horses: Are they causes or consequences?(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, 2022) Lara, Felipe; Castro, Rodrigo; Thomson, PamelaThe gut microbiome is a compound for millions of microorganisms that coexist in an organized way and contribute to the fermentation of different types of indigestible fibers by the small intestine. Some techniques, such as the massive sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, have made it possible to obtain information about the abundance and functionality of the microorganisms that compose the equine gut microbiome and the interaction with their environment. Recent studies have identified the change in the composition of the intestinal microbiome during and after a colic episode, although is not clear if it is a cause or a consequence. The objective of this review was to elucidate whether there is a direct relationship between the changes that occur in the gut microbiome and colic in the equine. A systematized search in Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed was realized. Although there is good evidence that horses with colic have a change in their gut microbiome, it is not fully understood whether these changes are causes or effects. It is necessary to delve into this topic, considering studying larger population sizes. In addition, it would be of great value to previously know the normal intestinal microbiome of a group of healthy horses, which in the future could develop an episode of colic, to compare the before and after in the same individual. © 2022, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.Ítem Characterization of microbial communities and predicted metabolic pathways in the uterus of healthy mares(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, 2022) Thomson, Pamela; Pareja, Josefina; Núñez, Andrea; Santibáñez, Rodrigo; Castro, RodrigoBackground: Culture-independent techniques have made it possible to expand the knowledge about the composition of bacterial communities present in the healthy uterus and their role in health and disease, mainly in humans. However, in animals like mares, there is a dearth of information regarding this area. Aim: To narrow this knowledge gap, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize the composition and function of the uterine microbiome of a group of Chilean purebred mares (CPM), an equine breed with the oldest genealogical record in South America and an economical important reproductive industry. Methods: From uterine biopsy samples obtained during estrus, DNA extraction and targeted sequencing were performed to investigate the bacterial diversity and its probable metabolic function. Results: CPM biopsy samples were characterized by having a varied microbial composition, where the four most relatively abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (69.6%), Firmicutes (21.1%), Bacteroidetes (7.8%), and Actinobacteria (1.06%); which made up 99.6% of the total identified phyla. In contrast, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were the phyla not identified in all samples. Of a total of 59 genera identified across all samples, Staphylococcus was the most abundant genus with an average relative abundance of 18.88%, followed by Pseudomonas (17.9%), Escherichia/ Shigella (10.42%), and Klebsiella (9.92%). Conclusion: These findings contribute to the knowledge of microbes' presence in the uterus, while future studies are required to demonstrate the role of these microorganisms in health and disease. © 2022, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.Ítem Las redes sociales(Universidad Andrés Bello, 2020) Castro, Rodrigo; Placencia, Erik; Kuthe, Eduardo; Facultad de Arte, Arquitectura, Diseño y ComunicacionesLa idea nació de la potencia que han demostrado las redes sociales cuando de organizar algo se trata, a tal punto que han llegado a mover a miles de personas en un mismo punto. El estallido social vivido en octubre del pasado 2019 en Chile fue denominado 18-O, y fue un gran tema país, el cual se mantuvo activo desde octubre hasta febrero del presente año. Cabe resaltar que toda la atención periodística del país se fue a estas protestas. Desde el 18 de octubre en adelante se presenciaron marchas masivas dentro del país, generando grandes masas de personas en el mismo punto, todos coordinados gracias al uso de las redes sociales. Es algo propio de nuestra era, en la cual estamos inmersos en una sociedad hiperconectada a través de las redes sociales, lo cual facilita el contacto y comunicación de grandes cantidades.