Examinando por Autor "Charrier, R."
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Ítem Characterization of the hydrothermal system of the Tinguiririca Volcanic Complex, Central Chile, using structural geology and passive seismic tomography(Elsevier, 2016-01) Pavez, C.; Tapia, F.; Comte, D.; Gutiérrez, F.; Lira, E.; Charrier, R.; Benavente, O.A structural characterization of the hydrothermal–volcanic field associated with the Tinguiririca Volcanic Com plex had been performed by combining passive seismic tomography and structural geology. This complex corre sponds to a 20 km long succession of N25°E oriented of eruptive centers, currently showing several thermal manifestations distributed throughout the area. The structural behavior of this zone is controlled by the El Fierro–El Diablo fault system, corresponding to a high angle reverse faults of Oligocene–Miocene age. In this area, a temporary seismic network with 16 short-period stations was setup from January to April of 2010, in the context of the MSc thesis of Lira (2010), covering an area of 200 km2 that corresponds with the hydrothermal field of Tinguiririca Volcanic Complex (TVC), Central Chile, Southern Central Andes. Using P- and S- wave arrival times, a 3D seismic velocity tomography was performed. The preliminary locations of 2270 earthquakes have first been determined using an a priori 1D velocity model. Afterwards, a joint inversion of both, the 3D velocity model and final locations have been obtained. High Vp/Vs ratios are interpreted as zones with high hot fluid con tent and high fracturing. Meanwhile, low Vp/Vs anomalies could represent the magmatic reservoir and the con duit network associated to the fluid mobility. Based on structural information and thermal manifestations, these anomalies have been interpreted. In order to visualize the relation between local geology and the velocity model, the volume associated with the magma reservoir and the fluid circulation network has been delimited using an iso-value contour of Vp/Vs equal to 1.70. The most prominent observed feature in the obtained model is a large “V” shaped low-velocity anomaly extending along the entire study region and having the same vergency and ori entation as the existing high-angle inverse faults, which corroborates that El Fierro–El Diablo fault system repre sents the local control for fluid mobility. This geometry coincides with surface hydrothermal manifestations and with available geochemical information of the area, which allowed us to generate a conceptual model of fluid cir culation in the volcanic–hydrothermal system as well as define the location of the magmatic reservoir. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reservedÍtem Geomorphologic and Glacial Evolution of the Cachapoal and southern Maipo catchments in the Andean Principal Cordillera, Central Chile (34°-35° S)(Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), 2019) Charrier, R.; Iturrizaga, L.; Carretier, S.; Regard, V.We present here a reconstruction of the post late Miocene landscape evolution of the western slope of the Andean Cordillera Principal near 34°20’ S. We base our analysis on the available geological information, a morphological characterization of the landform assemblages in the Cachapoal and southern Maipo catchments, and the first 10Be exposure ages for moraines in this area. The Cachapoal drainage basin is characterized by a variety of morphological features, like an elevated low-relief surface, volcanoes and lava flows on valley slopes, U-shaped valley sections, roches moutonnées, and large glaciated areas. Different kinds of deposits have been included in the study, such as moraines, lacustrine and landslide deposits, and a well-developed system of fluvial terraces in the more distal part of the Cachapoal catchment. Landslides are mostly developed on rocks of the late Eocene-early Miocene Abanico Formation. and are less frequent in outcrops of the overlying, early to middle Miocene Farellones Formation. We estimate that the lowest end moraine in the Cachapoal catchment is located next to the locality Bocatoma Chacayes (∼950 m altitude), though covered by a major landslide. No evidence exist for glacial deposits further down stream in this region. Lateral moraine ridges of the Cachapoal Glacier at Los Cerrillos yielded 10Be exposure ages of 20.3±2.9 and 21.9±5.3 ka that indicate they are associated with the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Holocene moraines exist next to all glacier tongues. Of particular interest in this region is the 12 km-long debris-covered Cachapoal Glacier, the longest valley glacier in the central Chilean Andes, and its distal and proximal moraine deposits. Two lateral moraines adjacent to the present-day Cachapoal Glacier yielded exposure average ages of 13.5±2.4 ka for the external ridge, indicating the Younger Dryas, and 3.8±0.8 ka for the internal ridge, an age that coincides with the 4.2 ka global climatic event that marks the beginning of the Meghalayan Age, at the end of the Holocene. The large size of this moraine on both sides of the ice tongue indicates the great development of the glacier at that time. Some of these ages coincide with ages obtained further north in the Maipo drainage basin, at the latitude of Santiago, and in the eastern flank of the cordillera, however, no pre-LGM deposits were found here, unlike the other mentioned regions. This difference together with the much lower altitude of the LGM moraine deposits in the study region suggests that the Cachapoal catchment is a transition zone to a more humid region further south, and indicates the great need for further reconnaissance and dating of glacial deposits in this Andean region. Our analysis of the geomorphological evolution is consistent with incision start for the Cachapoal Valley in latest Miocene. In this process, glacier incision was apparently not much effective until mid-Pleistocene time, when volcanism was active in the higher regions of the mountain range covering areas not yet incised, whereas in the western Principal Cordillera lavas flowed in deeply incised valleys. Pleistocene glaciers deepened and shaped the already incised valleys, which are presently mostly occupied by rivers.Ítem Structure of the andean palaeozoic basement in the chilean coast at 31° 30' S: geodynamic evolution of a subduction margin(Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2014) García-Sansegundo, J.; Farias, P.; Heredia, N.; Gallastegui, G.; Charrier, R.; Rubio-Ordóñez, A.; Cuesta, A.The Palaeozoic basement outcropping to the north of Los Vilos is formed by (i) the Choapa Metamorphic Complex (ChMC) made of metabasites (amphibolites and retrogressed eclogites), fine-grained gneisses, schists and quartz-schists, and (ii) the meta-sedimentary and sedimentary rocks of the Arrayán and Huentelauquén formations respectively. Near Huentelauquén (31º 30’ S), the ChMC has been af fected by three deformation episodes related with the Gondwanan orogenic episode. The first episode (D1) is represented by a foliation (S1) formed under HP-LT metamorphic conditions and preserved in syn-D2 garnet and albite porphyroblasts. A generalised crenulation cleavage (S2) was developed under pressure decreasing conditions during the second deformation episode (D2). This episode is responsible for the exhumation of the ChMC, which took place through an east-directed reverse fault system that thrusts the ChMC over the Arrayán Formation, producing more than 20 km shortening. The third deformation episode (D3) is represented by a west-verging kilometre-scale anticline, with a thrust in its reverse limb (Las Caldas thrust). Minor folds and crenulations are also associated with D3. D3 structures af fect the ChMC and the Arrayán Formation and are responsible for the overturning of the D2 thrusts. The Huentelauquén Formation, late Carboniferous – Permian in age, is the latest unit deformed by Gondwanan structures. The characterisation of the structure and its relation to metamorphism in the study area, lead to propose a geodynamic model related with an Andean type non-collisional orogenic process, for the Gondwanan orogenic episode of the Andes at this latitude.