Examinando por Autor "Cigarroa, Igor"
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Ítem A Higher Skeletal Muscle Mass and Lower Adiposity Phenotype Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Control in Adults with Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017(MDPI, 2023-09) Guede-Rojas, Francisco; Ibacache-Saavedra, Paulina; Leal, María Inés; Tuesta, Marcelo; Durán-Marín, Cristóbal; Carrasco-Marín, Fernanda; Cigarroa, Igor; Alvarez, Cristian; Izquierdo, Mikel; Delgado-Floody, PedroObjective: This study aimed to (1) characterize cardiometabolic factors in self-reported hip and knee osteoarthritis (OAD) across four body composition phenotypes defined by muscle mass and adiposity, and (2) associate risk factors with diabetes and hypertension (HTN). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–17 (n = 4996) stratified participants into four groups: low skeletal muscle mass/high waist circumference (Low-SMM/High-WC), low SMM/low WC (Low-SMM/Low-WC), high SMM/high WC (High-SMM/High-WC), and high SMM/low WC (reference group). Each group was further divided into subgroups with or without diagnosed hip or knee OAD. The main outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, systolic (SBP)/diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (continuous outcomes), and other secondary factors such as cardiovascular risk (CVR). Results: In the hip OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value (145 vs. 127 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +18 mmHg). In the knee OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value (141 vs. 134 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +7 mmHg). The SBP showed a significant interaction between the group and OAD diagnosis (p = 0.007 hip OAD; p < 0.0001 knee OAD). Conclusions: Hip and knee OAD associates with elevated SBP/DBP in older adults. OAD groups showed an OR above 2 for diabetes, 2.7 for HTN, 4.5 for metabolic syndrome, and over 2 for moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk. OAD interacts substantially with cardiometabolic factors, especially in low muscle mass/high adiposity phenotypes. Lifestyle optimization of physical activity and nutrition to preserve muscle mass and mitigate adiposity is essential for cardiometabolic health promotion in OAD patients. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem Asociación entre cáncer y fitness cardiorrespiratorio en población chilena: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017(Sociedad Medica de Santiago, 2023-09) Parra-Soto, Solange; Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe; Garrido, Alex; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny; Álvarez, Cristian; Cigarroa, Igor; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Celis-Morales, Carlos; Vásquez-Gómez, JaimeIntroducción: La actividad física y el fitness cardiorrespiratorio (FCR) son factores protectores en el desarrollo del cáncer. Sin embargo, se desconoce el FCR en población chilena diagnosticada con cáncer. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación que tuvo el FCR entre las personas con y sin diagnóstico de cáncer, y secundariamente comparar la tendencia del FCR según años de diagnóstico de cáncer en la población chilena. Método: Se analizaron datos de 5.483 personas de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017 entre 15 y 98 años. El diagnóstico de cáncer (todos los disponibles) se calcula con preguntas estandarizadas, y el FCR se calcula con método abreviado (demografía, antropometría, estilos de vida). Se realizó análisis de regresión lineal ajustado por variables de confusión con el módulo de análisis de muestras complejas del programa STATA v.16 (95% IC, p < 0,05). Resultados: Las personas con algún tipo de diagnóstico de cáncer, versus aquellas sin cáncer, presentaron un menor nivel de FCR (fi: -1,23 [95% IC: -1,52; -0,94]). Al comparar los niveles de FCR según tipo de cáncer, se observaron resultados similares para cáncer colorrectal, de mama y útero (p < 0,001), pero no para cáncer de tiroides (p = 0,253). Hubo menor FCR desde el primer año de diagnóstico de todo tipo de cáncer hasta sobre diez años, aunque no significativo (p = 0,109). Conclusión: Los diagnosticados con cáncer presentaron menor FCR en comparación con los no diagnosticados. Además, en las personas con cáncer el FCR disminuye al aumentar los años desde el primer diagnóstico. Sería importante evaluar e incrementar el FCR en pacientes oncológicos.Ítem Association between oral health and cognitive decline in older Chileans(2023-01) Nazar, Gabriela; Díaz-Toro, Felipe; Roa, Pablo; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Troncoso-Pantoja, Claudia; Leiva-Ordóñez, Ana María; Cigarroa, Igor; Celis-Morales, CarlosObjective: To identify the association between oral health and suspected cognitive impairment in older adults in Chile. Method: Cross-sectional study including 1826 people ≥60 years who participated in the National Health Survey of Chile, 2016-2017. Oral health was evaluated by the number of teeth, presence of caries, use of dental prostheses, self-reported oral health, and pain and/or discomfort in the oral cavity. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The association was evaluated by logistic and linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Results: Compared with people without suspicion of cognitive impairment, people with suspected impairment had five fewer teeth (13.4 vs. 8.5 teeth), a much higher difference in women than in men, and a higher frequency of oral pain. Edentulism and fewer teeth were associated with a higher likelihood of suspected cognitive impairment, associations that were not maintained in adjusted models. Oral pain was associated with a higher likelihood of suspected impairment even in the most adjusted model (odds ratio: 1.99; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.09-3.63). In linear models, an increase of 2% (95%CI: 0.01-0.05) in the MMSE score was observed for each additional tooth. Conclusions: Poor oral health, particularly tooth loss and the presence of pain, was associated with cognitive impairment in older adults in Chile.Ítem Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with adiposity markers(Sociedad Medica de Santiago, 2022-09) Vásquez Gómez, Jaime; Álvarez, Cristian; Concha Cisternas, Yeny; Beltrán, Ana Rosa; Díaz Martínez, Ximena; Cigarroa, Igor; Parra Soto, Solange; Petermann Rocha, Fanny; Celis Morales, CarlosBackground: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with metabolic diseases and adiposity markers. Aim: To assess the association of CRF with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and obesity in a representative sample of the Chilean population. Material and Methods: Data from 5,958 participants in the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-1027 aged 15 years or above were analyzed. CRF was estimated by an equation that included sociodemographic, anthropometric and health-related data and expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METs). The association between CRF and adiposity was assessed using linear and Poisson regression models and the results were presented as Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results: One MET increment in CRF was associated with a 3.27 kg/m2 (95% confidence intervals (CI): -3.35; -3.2) and 4.56 kg/m2 (95% CI: -4.67; -4.46) lower BMI in men and women, respectively. Waist circumference was 6.7 cm [95% CI: -6.98; -6.42] and 9 cm [95% CI: -9.33; -8.67] lower per 1-MET increment in CRF. With one MET increment, the probability of being obese was 34% (PR = 0.66 [95%CI: 0.63; 0.69]) and 36% (PR = 0.64 [95%CI: 0.61; 0.67]) lower in men and women, respectively. The probability of having a central obesity was 26% (PR = 0.74 [95%CI: 0.71; 0.77]) and 30% (PR = 0.70 [95%CI: 0.68; 0.73]) lower in men and women, respectively. Conclusions: A higher estimated CRF was associated with lower adiposity levels and a lower risk of being obese in both men and women. Public health policies aiming to increase physical activity are needed to increase the CRF of the Chilean population. © 2022 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Ítem Association of Co-Living and Age on the Type of Sports Practiced by Older People(MDPI, 2022-12) Parra Rizo, María Antonia; Díaz Toro, Felipe; Hadrya, Fatine; Pavón León, Patricia; Cigarroa, IgorIntrodution: The environment and the type of co-living of older people are crucial to understanding how the nature of their context influences a healthy lifestyle. However, no studies have investigated to what extent their type of co-living may be associated with the sports and the profile practice according to their age. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between the types of co-living and the age of the physically active elderly and the sports they practice. Hypothesis: It is thought that the age, situation, and satisfaction with the way of living in physically active older people differ according to the type of sport they practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We included 358 individuals aged between 61 and 93 years old (M = 69.66, SD = 4.74). Type of co-living was classified as living alone or living with others. The sports activities evaluated were: gym, dance, water activities, and yoga/pilates. Differences in the type of co-living and sports practiced were evaluated by ANOVA or Chi2. Results: Among the elderly who practice gymnastics, most of them live alone and in a tight core (p < 0.001) (Phi = 0.244). Furthermore, those who practice aquatic activities are more frequently the youngest (p < 0.001) (Phi = 0.198). Conclusion: Older people who do gymnastics have smaller living groups, those under 69 opt for gymnastics and aquatic activities, while those aged 70 and over prefer dance, yoga, and pilates. © 2022 by the authors.Ítem Frailty Index as a Predictor of Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older People: A Prospective Analysis of Chilean Adults(MDPI, 2023-01) Diaz-Toro, Felipe; Nazar, Gabriela; Troncoso, Claudia; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny; Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana Maria; Martinez-Sanguinetti, Maria Adela; Parra-Soto, Solange; Lasserre-Laso, Nicole; Cigarroa, Igor; Mardones, Lorena; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Diaz-Martinez, Ximena; Celis-Morales, CarlosWe aimed to investigate the association between frailty status and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older people. We included 2661 individuals aged ≥ 35 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010. Mortality was determined through linkage with the Chilean Civil Registry and Identification. A 36-item frailty index (FI) was used to assess the frailty status. Associations between frailty status and all-cause mortality were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. A non-linear association was investigated using penalized cubic splines fitted in the Cox models. During an 8.9 median follow-up (interquartile range of 8.6–9.0), 308 individuals died (11.5%). Lower survival rates were observed in frail individuals compared to pre-frail and robust people (log-rank < 0.001). Compared with robust individuals, frail people had a higher mortality risk (HR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.57 to 3.51]). Frail middle-aged individuals had a higher risk of dying independently of major risk factors. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem Heart Rate from Progressive Volitional Cycling Test Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction Outcomes in Hypertensive Chilean Adults(2023-03) Alvarez, Cristian; Tuesta, Marcelo; Reyes, Álvaro; Guede-Rojas, Francisco; Peñailillo, Luis; Cigarroa, Igor; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime; Cano-Montoya, Johnattan; Durán-Marín, Cristóbal; Rojas-Paz, Oscar; Márquez, Héctor; Izquierdo, Mikel; Delgado-Floody, PedroBackground: A progressive volitional cycling test is useful in determining exercise prescription in populations with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the association between heart rate during this test and endothelial dysfunction (EDys) parameters in hypertensive (HTN) patients. Objective: To investigate the association between EDys markers (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], pulse wave velocity of the brachial artery [PWVba], and carotid-intima media thickness [cIMT]) and heart rate during a cycling test in HTN adults. A secondary aim was to characterize cardiovascular, anthropometric, and body composition outcomes in this population. Methods: This was a descriptive clinical study in which adults (men and women) were assigned to one of three groups: HTN, elevated blood pressure (Ele), or a normotensive control group (CG), and completed a progressive cycling test. The primary outcomes were FMD, PWVba, cIMT, and heart rate (HR) at 25–50 watts (HR25–50), 50–100 watts (HR50–100), and 75–150 watts (HR75–150) of the Astrand test. Secondary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF%), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and estimated body age, as measured by a bio-impedance digital scale. Results: Analyses of the associations between FMD, PWV, and HR25–50, HR50–100, and HR75–150 watts revealed no significant association in the HTN, Ele, and CG groups. However, a significant association was found between cIMT and HR75–150 watts in the HTN group (R2 47.1, β −0.650, p = 0.038). There was also a significant trend (p = 0.047) towards increasing PWVba in the CG, Ele, and HTN groups. Conclusion: Heart rate during a progressive cycling test is associated with the EDys parameters cIMT in HTN patients, with particularly strong predictive capacity for vascular parameters in the second and third stages of the Astrand exercise test compared to normotensive control. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem Predictors of the Level of Physical Activity in Physically Active Older People(MDPI, 2022-09) Parra Rizo, María Antonia; Vásquez Gómez, Jaime; Álvarez, Cristian; Diaz Martínez, Ximena; Troncoso, Claudia; Leiva Ordoñez, Ana Maria; Zapata Lamana, Rafael; Cigarroa, IgorThere has not been much study of risk profiles in older people according to different levels of practice in physical activity. For this reason, the aim of this research was to evaluate whether the elements that influence the quality of life and factors such as gender and education can predict the level of physical activity in the physically active elderly population. The Fernández–Ballesteros quality of life questionnaire and the WHO International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied to a sample of 397 people with a mean age of 69.65 years (SD = 4.71). The results revealed the following predictive factors of practicing a low level of physical activity (p < 0.05): being a woman; having a low educational level; and low scores in activity and leisure and in functional skills. In conclusion, gender, education, functional skills, activity and leisure, and health are elements of quality of life that predict the level of physical activity performed by the elderly, where it is necessary to use leisure activities (visiting friends, playing games, running errands) as an indirect way to increase participation in physical activity. © 2022 by the authors.Ítem Relationship between anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of body mass index, physical condition and eating habits in university health and education students(Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica, 2023-02) Parra-Soto, Solange; Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe; Lamana, Rafael Zapata; Cigarroa, Igor; Iturra, José; Cenzano-Castillo, Lizette; Vásquez, Jaime; Garrido-Méndez, Alex; Celis-Morales, Carlos; Rivera, Carol Flores; Monterrosa, ArmandoIntroduction: The university stage is a period of modification in lifestyles. Pedagogy and health career students, addi-tionally, will assume the role of guides and models regarding healthy behaviours towards their students and patients, respectively. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of body mass index (BMI), physical condition and eating habits among pedagogy and health career university students. Mate-rials and method: Descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 158 university students (age 22.5 ± 2.5 years). Anthropometric characteristics, self-perception of BMI, physical condition and eating habits were evaluated. Results: BMI was positively correlated with perceived BMI (r= 0.46, p= 0.012). Waist circumference was positively correlated with perceived BMI and handgrip strength. The percentage of body fat was positively correlated with the perceived BMI and negatively with the physical condition (power, handgrip and flexibility). Arm muscle area was correlated with perceived BMI, perceived BMI score, and physical condition. Eating habits were negatively correlated with perceived BMI but not with anthropometric characteristics. Conclusion: University students from health and education careers with better anthropometric characteristics (lower BMI, waist circumference and fat percentage, and greater muscle area of the arm), have a higher self-perception of BMI and better performance in fitness tests physical. © 2023, Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica. All rights reserved.Ítem Trend in Physical Activity Counseling and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Maule, Chile: COVID-19 Pre-Pandemic Study between 2012 and 2019(Sociedad Medica de Santiago, 2022-12) Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime; Álvarez, Cristian; Cigarroa, Igor; Godoy-Cumillaf Andrés; Castillo-Retamal, MarceloBackground: Physical activity (PA) practice reduces the adverse effects of COVID-19. PA counseling promotes healthy lifestyles and prevents cardiometabolic diseases. Aim: To assess the trend in cases of PA counseling and the cardiometabolic disease between 2012 and 2019 (before COVID-19) in a southern Chilean region. Material and Methods: Records of Maule Region Health Service for 731.163 men, and 829.097 women aged < 10 to ≥ 65 years were analyzed. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) during the study period and the annual percentage change (APC) during intermediate periods, were calculated. Results: There was a significant decrease in PA counseling in women in the study period (AAPC: -13.6%). In the 2012-2017 period a significant decrease in counseling for total, men and women were observed (APC: -18.1, -16.5 and -19.1%, respectively). Obesity increased significantly in total, men and women in the 2012-2019 period (AAPC: 10.1, 8.5 and 10.7%, respectively). The same trend was observed for hypertension (AAPC: 8.1, 8.5 and 7.6% respectively) and elevated blood glucose (AAPC: 10, 11.5 and 9.6%, respectively). Conclusions: In the study period PA counseling decreased along with an increase in obesity, hypertension and high blood glucose. Increasing PA counseling is a mainstay in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases and probably to prevent contagion and complement the treatment of COVID-19. © 2022 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.