Examinando por Autor "Contreras-Porcia, L."
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Ítem Development of six novel microsatellite markers for the chilean red alga pyropia orbicularis(Universidad De Valparaíso, Chile, 2020) Pérez-Lara, G.; Meynard, A.; Alvear, P.; Bulboa-Contador, C.; Contreras-Porcia, L.Mariculture of edible Porphyra/Pyropia species, which are cosmopolitan red foliose algae, represent an important source of income for the pharmaceutical and food industries. In Chile, the most common alga of this complex is Pyropia orbicularis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Here we report 6 microsatellite markers obtained from P. orbicularis through a genomic library from 10 individuals of the gametophytic phase by next generation (Illumina) sequencing. Polymorphism analyses were done from 10 individuals of the conchocelis phase, revealing an allelic diversity ranging from three to six alleles per locus, and observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranging from 0.200 to 0.995, and 0.250 to 0.610, respectively. A large proportion of genetic variance (61%) in P. orbicularis was among individuals within population, and 39% genetic variance was among populations. Nonetheless, these results should be interpreted with caution; further research using larger sample sizes is required. These polymorphic markers could be useful in future studies on population genetic structure, for conservation and applied purposes.Ítem Ingestion of contaminated kelps by the herbivore Tetrapygus niger: Negative effects on food intake, growth, fertility, and early development(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-06) Latorre-Padilla, N.; Meynard, A.; Oyarzun, F.X.; Contreras-Porcia, L.Macrocystis pyrifera reaches distant areas after detachment, accumulate heavy metals, and serve as trophic subsidy. In this context, effects on both adults and larvae of Tetrapygus niger fed with polluted kelps were determined by assessing growth, fertility, and early larval development. Results revealed that sea urchins fed with polluted kelps from highly impacted zone (HIZ) showed a lower growth (3.6% gained weight) and gamete release (358 cells mL−1) than those fed with non-impacted kelps (NIZ) (19.3% and 945 cells mL−1). The HIZ treatment showed a developmental delay in comparison to NIZ, accounted mainly by the abundance of malformed 2-arm pluteus larvae (10–15%) during most of the culture. Malformed 4-arm pluteus larvae showed a constant increase, reaching 37% at the end of the culture. Thus, the pollutants ingested by sea urchins can be transferred to their offspring and cause negative effects in their early development, categorizing M. pyrifera as a pollutant carrier. © 2021 The AuthorsÍtem Variación espacio-temporal en la composición del ensamble de macroalgas del intermareal rocoso de Maitencillo, Valparaíso, costa central de Chile(Universidad de Valparaiso, 2018-04) Betancourtt, C.; Zapata, J.; Latorre, N.; Anguita, C.; Castañeda, F.; Meynard, A.; Fierro, C.; Espinoza, C.; Guajardo, E.; Núñez, A.; Salas, N.; González, C.; Ramírez, M.-E.; Bulboa-Contador, C.; Contreras-Porcia, L.Records on the diversity of algae serve as a foundation for establishing management and environmental protection programs, as well as for determining new commercial uses of algae. With this context in mind, the goal of the present study was to determine the richness, coverage, and composition of the macroalgae assemblage in the intertidal zone of Maitencillo, Valparaíso, Chile over the course of 3 years (2013-2015). A total of 29 species were recorded from 3 phyla - 23 Rhodophyta; 3 Ochrophyta, of the Phaeophyceae class; and 3 Chlorophyta. Species richness presented high spatial and temporal variations, with these variations most significantly explained by intertidal zone (61%) and the seasons (31%). The highest levels of specific richness were recorded in the mid and lower intertidal zones (14 species) in spring, as well as in the lower intertidal zone (14 species) during summer. The lowest values of specific richness were recorded for the mid intertidal zone (2 species) during fall. The distinct levels of the intertidal zone also notably impacted algae assemblage, explaining 53% of variation while the seasons explained 18% of variation. The greatest coverage was recorded in the mid intertidal zone during spring, with a predominance of Mazzaella laminarioides and Ulva spp. complex. In turn, the lowest coverage was found in fall, linked with processes of sand accretion. In rocky walls, the Pyropia complex dominated. Results indicate a marked pattern of vertical and seasonal distribution in the macroalgae assemblage, as well as notably high presence of Rhodophyta species. This benthic flora description serves to update information on the diversity of representative algal species from Valparaíso Region of Chile. © 2018, Universidad de Valparaiso. All rights reserved.Ítem β-glucanos, su producción y propiedades en microalgas con énfasis en el género Nannochloropsis (Ochrophyta, Eustigmatales)(Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, 2017-04) Espinoza-Gallardo, D.; Contreras-Porcia, L.; Ehrenfeld, N.Las microalgas son microorganismos eucariontes fotosintéticos capaces de producir una amplia gama de compuestos de interés comercial, tales como vitaminas, antioxidantes, ácidos grasos omega-3 e inmunoestimulantes como los ß-glucanos. Los ß-glucanos son polímeros de D-glucosa unidos por enlaces ß-1,3 o ß-1,4 los cuales pueden presentar ramificaciones de enlaces ß-1,6. Los más conocidos en microalgas son el paramilón (presente en euglenoides) y la crisolaminarina (presente en diatomeas). En el género Nannochloropsis, (Ochrophyta), la secuenciación de los genomas y los transcriptomas de algunas de sus especies ha evidenciado que también serían capaces de sintetizar ß-glucanos de enlaces ß-1,3 con ramificaciones ß-1,6. Si bien, existen pocos estudios con respecto a dichos compuestos en estas especies, se sugiere que corresponderían a moléculas de reserva energética de carbono, que reemplazan el almidón y que presentan un comportamiento similar al de los lípidos de reserva como el triacilglicerol (TAG). Por lo que, puden competir por las mismas moléculas precursoras derivadas de la fijación de carbono. La presencia de los ß-glucanos junto con su caracterización y la validación de sus propiedades beneficiosas para la salud humana, pueden otorgar un potencial interés económico al cultivo de Nannochloropsis. Estos cultivos, han adquirido un enorme interés debido a su alto contenido de TAG para la producción de biodiesel o ácido eicosapentanoico (EPA) para la alimentación de rotíferos, peces y humanos con fines nutracéuticos. Esta revisión tiene como finalidad evidenciar las propiedades de los ß-glucanos en microalgas y el uso potencial de Nannochloropsis en la producción de esas moléculas.