Examinando por Autor "Cornejo, Javiera"

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    Advances in Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Control Strategies in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economies: Assessment of a Multiyear Building Capacity Project
    (MDPI, 2022-08) Cornejo, Javiera; Asenjo, Gabriela; Zavala, Sebastian; Venegas, Lucas; Galarce, Nicolás; Hormazábal, Juan Carlos; Vergara E, Constanza; Lapierre, Lisette
    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern for both animal and public health, and collaborative strategies are needed to combat the threat. The level of awareness and funding for policies focused on reducing AMR varies between countries. The aim of this study was to compare the integrated surveillance systems for AMR in high and low–middle economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and determine whether there was any improvement from 2015 to 2018. We conducted a survey with a group of 21 countries at different development levels. Associations between the economic development level and the questions of AMR awareness and funding were established using Fisher’s exact test. Improvements were identified where countries established public policies for integrated surveillance of AMR. High economies showed greater advancement in several topics related to AMR than low–middle economies. The survey revealed that there is a better understanding surrounding the implications of the emergence of AMR in human medicine than in veterinary medicine, agriculture, and food production. Our results show that countries enhanced overall AMR surveillance over the 4-year-period; however, more research is needed concerning these advances, especially in low–middle economies and the food production sector. © 2022 by the authors.
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    Virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors in Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from pigs and chickens in central Chile
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-09) Retamal, Patricio; Gaspar, Joaquim; Benavides, María Belén; Saenz, Leonardo; Galarce, Nicolás; Aravena, Trinidad; Cornejo, Javiera; Lapierre, Lisette
    Salmonella enterica is a food-borne pathogen with a wide host-range that during decades has been of public health concern in developed and developing countries. In Chile, the poultry and pig industries represent the biggest contribution of meat consumption in the population, and sanitary regulations have been imposed for Salmonella control. The aim of this work was to determine and characterize Salmonella strains isolated from pigs and chicken raised on commercials farms in Chile. For this, isolates belonging to pigs (n = 46) and poultry (n = 57) were genotyped by two multiplex PCR reactions and virulotyped by the PCR detection of virulence-associated genes. In addition, isolates were serotyped and analyzed by the Kirby Bauer assay to determine their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. From these analyses 52 genotypes, six serotypes and several multidrug resistance phenotypes and different combinations of virulence-associated genes were detected. These results suggest that S. enterica in pigs and poultry in central Chile should be monitored due to potential consequences in public and animal health. Copyright © 2022 Retamal, Gaspar, Benavides, Saenz, Galarce, Aravena, Cornejo and Lapierre.