Examinando por Autor "Dettleff, Phillip"
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Ítem High-Temperature Stress Induces Autophagy in Rainbow Trout Skeletal Muscle(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-06) Molina, Alfredo; Dettleff, Phillip; Valenzuela-Muñoz, Valentina; Gallardo-Escarate, Cristian; Valdés, Juan AntonioEctothermic animals, such as teleosts, have increasingly been exposed to stressful high-temperature events due to global warming. Currently, the effects of thermal stress on skeletal muscle, a key tissue for fish growth, are unknown. This study examined the impact of high-temperature stress on the skeletal muscle transcriptome of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in control (15 °C) and high-temperature (20 °C) conditions. Additionally, we examined the plasmatic levels of cortisol, glucose, and creatine kinase activity, and examined oxidative damage and autophagy activation in skeletal muscle. High-temperature stress induced significant increases in cortisol and glucose plasmatic levels. Nevertheless, no changes were observed in creatine kinase activity in plasma and skeletal muscle oxidation. Skeletal muscle RNA was isolated and sequenced using the HiSeq Illumina platform. A total of 383,796,290 reads were mapped onto the reference rainbow trout genome. The transcriptomic analysis showed that 293 genes were upregulated in the high-temperature group, mainly associated with autophagosome assembly, amino acid transport, and the glutamine metabolic process. On the other hand, 119 genes were downregulated in the high-temperature group, mainly associated with digestion, proteolysis, and the muscle contraction process. In addition, RT-qPCR of differentially expressed representative genes and Western blot analysis of LC3-II/LC3-I levels confirmed skeletal muscle autophagy induced by high temperature. This study sheds light on intriguing facets of the adaptive response of rainbow trout skeletal muscle to high-temperature stress and provides significant insights into the physiology of autophagy in teleosts.Ítem High‐Temperature Stress Effect on the Red Cusk‐Eel (Geypterus chilensis) Liver: Transcriptional Modulation and Oxidative Stress Damage(MDPI, 2022-06) Dettleff, Phillip; Zuloaga, Rodrigo; Fuentes, Marcia; Gonzalez, Pamela; Aedo, Jorge; Estrada, Juan Manuel; Molina, Alfredo; Valdés, Juan AntonioEnvironmental stressors, such as temperature, are relevant factors that could generate a negative effect on several tissues in fish. A key fish species for Chilean aquaculture diversification is the red cusk‐eel (Genypterus chilensis), a native fish for which knowledge on environmental stressors effects is limited. This study evaluated the effects of high‐temperature stress on the liver of red cusk‐eel in control (14 °C) and high‐temperature (19 °C) groups using multiple approaches: determination of plasmatic hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and AP), oxidative damage evaluation (AP sites, lipid peroxidation, and carbonylated proteins), and RNA‐seq analysis. High-temperature stress generated a significant increase in hepatic enzyme activity in plasma. In the liver, a transcriptional regulation was observed, with 1239 down‐regulated and 1339 up‐regulated transcripts. Additionally, high‐temperature stress generated oxidative stress in the liver, with oxidative damage and transcriptional modulation of the antioxidant response. Furthermore, an unfolded protein response was observed, with several pathways enriched, as well as a heat shock response, with several heat shock proteins up regulated, suggesting candidate biomarkers (i.e., serpinh1) for thermal stress evaluation in this species. The present study shows that high-temperature stress generated a major effect on the liver of red cusk‐eel, knowledge to consider for the aquaculture and fisheries of this species. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.