Examinando por Autor "Fisher, Matthew C."

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    Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2019) Scheele, Ben C.; Pasmans, Frank; Skerratt, Lee F.; Berger, Lee; Martel, An; Beukema, Wouter; Acevedo, Aldemar A.; Burrowes, Patricia A.; Carvalho, Tamilie; Catenazzi, Alessandro; De La Riva, Ignacio; Fisher, Matthew C.; Flechas, Sandra V.; Foster, Claire N.; Frías-Álvarez, Patricia; Garner, Trenton W.J.; Gratwicke, Brian; Guayasamin, Juan M.; Hirschfeld, Mareike; Kolby, Jonathan E.; Kosch, Tiffany A.; Marca, Enrique La.; Lindenmayer, David B.; Lips, Karen R.; Longo, Ana V.; Maneyro, Raúl; McDonald, Cait A.; Mendelson, Joseph; Palacios-Rodriguez, Pablo; Parra-Olea, Gabriela; Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L.; Rödel, Mark-Oliver; Rovito, Sean M.; Soto-Azat, Claudio; Toledo, Luís Felipe; Voyles, Jamie; Weldon, Ché; Whitfield, Steven M.; Wilkinson, Mark; Zamudio, Kelly R.; Canessa, Stefano
    Anthropogenic trade and development have broken down dispersal barriers, facilitating the spread of diseases that threaten Earth's biodiversity.We present a global, quantitative assessment of the amphibian chytridiomycosis panzootic, one of the most impactful examples of disease spread, and demonstrate its role in the decline of at least 501 amphibian species over the past half-century, including 90 presumed extinctions.The effects of chytridiomycosis have been greatest in large-bodied, range-restricted anurans in wet climates in the Americas and Australia. Declines peaked in the 1980s, and only 12% of declined species show signs of recovery, whereas 39% are experiencing ongoing decline. There is risk of further chytridiomycosis outbreaks in new areas. The chytridiomycosis panzootic represents the greatest recorded loss of biodiversity attributable to a disease.
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    Chytridiomycosis Outbreak in a Chilean Giant Frog (Calyptocephalella gayi) Captive Breeding Program: Genomic Characterization and Pathological Findings
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-09) Alvarado-Rybak, Mario; Acuña, Paz; Peñafiel-Ricaurte, Alexandra; Sewell, Thomas R.; O'Hanlon, Simon J.; Fisher, Matthew C.; Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andres; Cunningham, Andrew A.
    Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife are increasingly associated with animal mortality and species declines, but their source and genetic characterization often remains elusive. Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been associated with catastrophic and well-documented amphibian population declines and extinctions at the global scale. We used histology and whole-genome sequencing to describe the lesions caused by, and the genetic variability of, two Bd isolates obtained from a mass mortality event in a captive population of the threatened Chilean giant frog (Calyptocephalella gayi). This was the first time an association between Bd and high mortality had been detected in this charismatic and declining frog species. Pathological examinations revealed that 30 dead metamorphosed frogs presented agnathia or brachygnathia, a condition that is reported for the first time in association with chytridiomycosis. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that Bd isolates (PA1 and PA2) from captive C. gayi group with other Bd isolates (AVS2, AVS4, and AVS7) forming a single highly supported Chilean Bd clade within the global panzootic lineage of Bd (BdGPL). These findings are important to inform the strengthening of biosecurity measures to prevent the impacts of chytridiomycosis in captive breeding programs elsewhere. © Copyright © 2021 Alvarado-Rybak, Acuña, Peñafiel-Ricaurte, Sewell, O'Hanlon, Fisher, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Cunningham and Azat.
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    Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2018-05) O’Hanlon, Simon J.; Rieux, Adrien; Farrer, Rhys A.; Rosa, Gonçalo M.; Waldman, Bruce; Bataille, Arnaud; Kosch, Tiffany A.; Murray, Kris A.; Brankovics, Balázs; Fumagalli, Matteo; Martin, Michael D.; Wales, Nathan; Alvarado-Rybak, Mario; Bates, Kieran A.; Berger, Lee; Böll, Susanne; Brookes, Lola; Clare, Frances; Courtois, Elodie A.; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Doherty-Bone, Thomas M.; Ghosh, Pria; Gower, David J.; Hintz, William E.; Höglund, Jacob; Jenkinson, Thomas S.; Lin, Chun-Fu; Laurila, Anssi; Loyau, Adeline; Martel, An; Meurling, Sara; Miaud, Claude; Minting, Pete; Pasmans, Frank; Schmeller, Dirk S.; Schmidt, Benedikt R.; Shelton, Jennifer M. G.; Skerratt, Lee F.; Smith, Freya; Soto-Azat, Claudio; Spagnoletti, Matteo; Tessa, Giulia; Toledo, Luís Felipe; Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés; Verster, Ruhan; Vörös, Judit; Webb, Rebecca J.; Wierzbicki, Claudia; Wombwell, Emma; Zamudio, Kelly R.; Aanensen, David M.; James, Timothy Y.; Thomas P. Gilbert M.; Weldon, Ché; ;Bosch, Jaime; Balloux, François; Garner, Trenton W. J.; Fisher, Matthew C.
    Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of the most devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide. © 2017 The Authors.