Examinando por Autor "Flechas, Sandra V."

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    Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2019) Scheele, Ben C.; Pasmans, Frank; Skerratt, Lee F.; Berger, Lee; Martel, An; Beukema, Wouter; Acevedo, Aldemar A.; Burrowes, Patricia A.; Carvalho, Tamilie; Catenazzi, Alessandro; De La Riva, Ignacio; Fisher, Matthew C.; Flechas, Sandra V.; Foster, Claire N.; Frías-Álvarez, Patricia; Garner, Trenton W.J.; Gratwicke, Brian; Guayasamin, Juan M.; Hirschfeld, Mareike; Kolby, Jonathan E.; Kosch, Tiffany A.; Marca, Enrique La.; Lindenmayer, David B.; Lips, Karen R.; Longo, Ana V.; Maneyro, Raúl; McDonald, Cait A.; Mendelson, Joseph; Palacios-Rodriguez, Pablo; Parra-Olea, Gabriela; Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L.; Rödel, Mark-Oliver; Rovito, Sean M.; Soto-Azat, Claudio; Toledo, Luís Felipe; Voyles, Jamie; Weldon, Ché; Whitfield, Steven M.; Wilkinson, Mark; Zamudio, Kelly R.; Canessa, Stefano
    Anthropogenic trade and development have broken down dispersal barriers, facilitating the spread of diseases that threaten Earth's biodiversity.We present a global, quantitative assessment of the amphibian chytridiomycosis panzootic, one of the most impactful examples of disease spread, and demonstrate its role in the decline of at least 501 amphibian species over the past half-century, including 90 presumed extinctions.The effects of chytridiomycosis have been greatest in large-bodied, range-restricted anurans in wet climates in the Americas and Australia. Declines peaked in the 1980s, and only 12% of declined species show signs of recovery, whereas 39% are experiencing ongoing decline. There is risk of further chytridiomycosis outbreaks in new areas. The chytridiomycosis panzootic represents the greatest recorded loss of biodiversity attributable to a disease.
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    Ongoing declines for the world’s amphibians in the face of emerging threats
    (Nature Research, 2023-10) Luedtke, Jennifer A.; Chanson, Janice; Neam, Kelsey; Hobin, Louise; Maciel, Adriano O.; Catenazzi, Alessandro; Borzée, Amaël; Hamidy, Amir; Aowphol, Anchalee; Jean, Anderson; Sosa-Bartuano, Ángel; Fong G, Ansel; de Silva, Anslem; Fouquet, Antoine; Angulo, Ariadne; Kidov, Artem A.; Muñoz Saravia, Arturo; Diesmos, Arvin C.; Tominaga, Atsushi; Shrestha, Biraj; Gratwicke, Brian; Tjaturadi, Burhan; Martínez Rivera, Carlos C.; Vásquez Almazán, Carlos R.; Señaris, Celsa; Chandramouli S.R.; Strüssmann, Christine; Cortez Fernández, Claudia Fabiola; Azat, Claudio; Hoskin, Conrad J.; Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Whyte, Damion L.; Gower, David J.; Olson, Deanna H.; Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.; Santana, Diego José; Nagombi, Elizah; Najafi-Majd, Elnaz; Quah, Evan S. H.; Bolaños, Federico; Xie, Feng; Brusquetti, Francisco; Álvarez, Francisco S.; Andreone, Franco; Glaw, Frank; Castañeda, Franklin Enrique; Kraus, Fred; Parra-Olea, Gabriela; Chaves, Gerardo; Medina-Rangel, Guido F.; González-Durán, Gustavo; Ortega-Andrade, H. Mauricio; Machado, Iberê F.; Das, Indraneil; Dias, Iuri Ribeiro; Urbina-Cardona, J. Nicolas; Crnobrnja-Isailović, Jelka; Yang, Jian-Huan; Jianping, Jiang; Wangyal, Jigme Tshelthrim; Rowley, Jodi J. L.; Measey, John; Vasudevan, Karthikeyan; Chan, Kin Onn; Gururaja, Kotambylu Vasudeva; Ovaska, Kristiina; Warr, Lauren C.; Canseco-Márquez, Luis; Toledo, Luís Felipe; Díaz, Luis M.; Khan, M. Monirul H.; Meegaskumbura, Madhava; Acevedo, Manuel E.; Napoli, Marcelo Felgueiras; Ponce, Marcos A.; Vaira, Marcos; Lampo, Margarita; Yánez-Muñoz, Mario H.; Scherz, Mark D.; Rödel, Mark-Oliver; Matsui, Masafumi; Fildor, Maxon; Kusrini, Mirza D.; Ahmed, Mohammad Firoz; Rais, Muhammad; Kouamé, N’Goran G.; García, Nieves; Gonwouo, Nono Legrand; Burrowes, Patricia A.; Imbun, Paul Y.; Wagner, Philipp; Kok, Philippe J. R.; Joglar, Rafael L.; Auguste, Renoir J.; Brandão, Reuber Albuquerque; Ibáñez, Roberto; von May, Rudolf; Hedges, S. Blair; Biju S.D.; Ganesh S.R.; Wren, Sally; Das, Sandeep; Flechas, Sandra V.; Ashpole, Sara L.; Robleto-Hernández, Silvia J.; Loader, Simon P.; Incháustegui, Sixto J.; Garg, Sonali; Phimmachak, Soumphthone; Richards, Stephen J.; Slimani, Tahar; Osborne-Naikatini, Tamara; Abreu-Jardim, Tatianne P. F.; Condez, Thais H.; De Carvalho, Thiago R.; Cutajar, Timothy P.; Pierson, Todd W.; Nguyen, Truong Q.; Kaya, Uğur; Yuan, Zhiyong; Long, Barney; Langhammer, Penny; Stuart, Simon N.
    Systematic assessments of species extinction risk at regular intervals are necessary for informing conservation action1,2. Ongoing developments in taxonomy, threatening processes and research further underscore the need for reassessment3,4. Here we report the findings of the second Global Amphibian Assessment, evaluating 8,011 species for the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. We find that amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class (40.7% of species are globally threatened). The updated Red List Index shows that the status of amphibians is deteriorating globally, particularly for salamanders and in the Neotropics. Disease and habitat loss drove 91% of status deteriorations between 1980 and 2004. Ongoing and projected climate change effects are now of increasing concern, driving 39% of status deteriorations since 2004, followed by habitat loss (37%). Although signs of species recoveries incentivize immediate conservation action, scaled-up investment is urgently needed to reverse the current trends. © 2023, The Author(s).
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    Synthesis of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in South America: amphibian species under risk and areas to focus research and disease mitigation
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-07) Azat, Claudio; Alvarado-Rybak, Mario; Solano-Iguaran, Jaiber J.; Velasco, Aníbal; Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés; Flechas, Sandra V.; Peñafiel-Ricaurte, Alexandra; Cunningham, Andrew A.; Bacigalupe, Leonardo D.
    Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been recognized as the infectious disease causing the most catastrophic loss of biodiversity known to science, with South America being the most impacted region. We tested whether Bd prevalence is distributed among host taxonomy, ecoregion, conservation status and habitat preference in South America. Here we provide a synthesis on the extent of Bd infection across South America based on 21 648 molecular diagnostic assays, roles of certain species in the epidemiology of Bd and explore its association with the reported amphibian catastrophic declines in the region. We show that Bd is widespread, with a continental prevalence of 23.2%. Its occurrence in the region shows a phylogenetic signal and the probability of infection is determined by ecoregion, preferred habitat and extinction risk hosts' traits. The taxa exhibiting highest Bd occurrence were mostly aquatic amphibians, including Ranidae, Telmatobiidae, Hylodidae, Calyptocephalellidae and Pipidae. Surprisingly, families exhibiting unusually low Bd prevalence included species in which lethal chytridiomycosis and population declines have been described (genera Atelopus, Rhinoderma and Eleutherodactylus). Higher than expected prevalence of Bd occurred mainly in amphibians living in association with mountain environments in the Andes and Atlantic forests, reflecting highly favourable Bd habitats in these areas. Invasive amphibian species (e.g. Lithobates catesbeianus and Xenopus laevis) exhibited high Bd prevalence; thus we suggest using these as sentinels to understand their potential role as reservoirs, vectors or spreaders of Bd that can be subjected to management. Our results guide on the prioritization of conservation actions to prevent further biodiversity loss due to chytridiomycosis in the world's most amphibian diverse region. © 2022 The Authors. Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos.