Examinando por Autor "García-Betancourt, Richard"

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    Natural killer T cells in allergic asthma: implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutical strategies
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Gutiérrez-Vera, Cristián; García-Betancourt, Richard; Palacios, Pablo A.; Müller, Marioly; Montero, David A.; Verdugo, Carlos; Ortiz, Francisca; Simon, Felipe; Kalergis, Alexis M.; González, Pablo A.; Saavedra-Avila, Noemi A.; Porcelli, Steven A.; Carreño, Leandro J.
    Allergic asthma has emerged as a prevalent allergic disease worldwide, affecting most prominently both young individuals and lower-income populations in developing and developed countries. To devise effective and curative immunotherapy, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate nature of this condition, characterized by an immune response imbalance that favors a proinflammatory profile orchestrated by diverse subsets of immune cells. Although the involvement of Natural Killer T (NKT) cells in asthma pathology is frequently implied, their specific contributions to disease onset and progression remain incompletely understood. Given their remarkable ability to modulate the immune response through the rapid secretion of various cytokines, NKT cells represent a promising target for the development of effective immunotherapy against allergic asthma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of NKT cells in the context of allergic asthma, along with novel therapeutic approaches that leverage the functional response of these cells.
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    Vibrio cholerae, classification, pathogenesis, immune response, and trends in vaccine development
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Montero, David A.; Vidal, Roberto M.; Velasco, Juliana; George, Sergio; Lucero, Yalda; Gómez, Leonardo A.; Carreño, Leandro J.; García-Betancourt, Richard; O’Ryan, Miguel
    Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a highly contagious diarrheal disease affecting millions worldwide each year. Cholera is a major public health problem, primarily in countries with poor sanitary conditions and regions affected by natural disasters, where access to safe drinking water is limited. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of the evolution of virulence and pathogenesis of V. cholerae as well as provide an overview of the immune response against this pathogen. We highlight that V. cholerae has a remarkable ability to adapt and evolve, which is a global concern because it increases the risk of cholera outbreaks and the spread of the disease to new regions, making its control even more challenging. Furthermore, we show that this pathogen expresses several virulence factors enabling it to efficiently colonize the human intestine and cause cholera. A cumulative body of work also shows that V. cholerae infection triggers an inflammatory response that influences the development of immune memory against cholera. Lastly, we reviewed the status of licensed cholera vaccines, those undergoing clinical evaluation, and recent progress in developing next-generation vaccines. This review offers a comprehensive view of V. cholerae and identifies knowledge gaps that must be addressed to develop more effective cholera vaccines. Copyright © 2023 Montero, Vidal, Velasco, George, Lucero, Gómez, Carreño, García-Betancourt and O’Ryan.