Examinando por Autor "Geisler, Doug"
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Ítem APOGEE chemical abundance patterns of the massive milky way satellites(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021-12) Hasselquist, Sten; Hayes, Christian R; Lian, Jianhui; Weinberg, David H.; Zasowski, Gail; Horta, Danny; Beaton, Rachael; Feuillet, Diane K.; Garro, Elisa R.; Gallart, Carme; Smith, Verne V.; Holtzman, Jon A.; Minniti, Dante; Lacerna, Ivan; Shetrone, Matthew; Jönsson, Henrik; Cioni, Maria-Rosa L.; Fillingham, Sean P.; Cunha, Katia; O'Connell, Robert; Fernández-Trincado, José G.; Munoz, Ricardo R.; Schiavon, Ricardo; Almeida, Andres; Anguiano, Borja; Beers, Timothy C.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brownstein, Joel R.; Cohen, Roger E.; Frinchaboy, Peter; García-Hernández, D.A.; Geisler, Doug; Lane, Richard R.; Majewski, Steven R; Nidever, David L.; Nitschelm, Christian; Povick, Joshua; Price-Whelan, Adrian; Roman-Lopes, Alexandre; Rosado, Margarita; Sobeck, Jennifer; Stringfellow, Guy; Valenzuela, Octavio; Villanova, Sandro; Vincenzo, FiorenzoThe SDSS-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey has obtained high resolution spectra for thousands of red giant stars distributed among the massive satellite galaxies of the Milky Way (MW): the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC/SMC), the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy (Sgr), Fornax (Fnx), and the now fully disrupted Gaia Sausage/Enceladus (GSE) system. We present and analyze the APOGEE chemical abundance patterns of each galaxy to draw robust conclusions about their star formation histories, by quantifying the relative abundance trends of multiple elements (C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Fe, Ni, and Ce), as well as by fitting chemical evolution models to the [α/Fe]–[Fe/H] abundance plane for each galaxy. Results show that the chemical signatures of the starburst in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) observed by Nidever et al. in the α-element abundances extend to C+N, Al, and Ni, with the major burst in the SMC occurring some 3–4 Gyr before the burst in the LMC. We find that Sgr and Fnx also exhibit chemical abundance patterns suggestive of secondary star formation epochs, but these events were weaker and earlier (∼5–7 Gyr ago) than those observed in the MCs. There is no chemical evidence of a second starburst in GSE, but this galaxy shows the strongest initial star formation as compared to the other four galaxies. All dwarf galaxies had greater relative contributions of AGB stars to their enrichment than the MW. Comparing and contrasting these chemical patterns highlight the importance of galaxy environment on its chemical evolution.Ítem APOGEE Chemical Abundances of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2017-09) Hasselquist, Sten; Shetrone, Matthew; Smith, Verne; Holtzman, Jon; McWilliam, Andrew; Fernández-Trincado J.G.; Beers, Timothy C.; Majewski, Steven R.; Nidever, David L.; Tang, Baitian; Tissera, Patricia B.; Alvar, Emma Fernández; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Almeida, Andres; Anguiano, Borja; Battaglia, Giuseppina; Carigi, Leticia; Delgado Inglada, Gloria; Frinchaboy, Peter; Garcia-Hernández D.A.; Geisler, Doug; Minniti, Dante; Placco, Vinicius M.; Schultheis, Mathias; Sobeck, Jennifer; Villanova, SandroThe Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment provides the opportunity of measuring elemental abundances for C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni in vast numbers of stars. We analyze thechemical-abundance patterns of these elements for 158 red giant stars belonging to the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy (Sgr). This is the largest sample of Sgr stars with detailed chemical abundances, and it is the first time that C, N, P, K, V, Cr, Co, and Ni have been studied at high resolution in this galaxy. We find that the Sgr stars with [Fe/H] ≈ -0.8 are deficient in all elemental abundance ratios (expressed as [X/Fe]) relative to the Milky Way, suggesting that the Sgr stars observed today were formed from gas that was less enriched by Type II SNe than stars formed in the Milky Way. By examining the relative deficiencies of the hydrostatic (O, Na, Mg, and Al) and explosive (Si, P, K, and Mn) elements, our analysis supports the argument that previous generations of Sgr stars were formed with a top-light initial mass function, one lacking the most massive stars that would normally pollute the interstellar medium with the hydrostatic elements. We use a simple chemical-evolution model, flexCE, to further support our claim and conclude that recent stellar generations of Fornax and the Large Magellanic Cloud could also have formed according to a top-light initial mass function. © 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..Ítem APOGEE-2S Mg-Al anti-correlation of the metal-poor globular cluster NGC 2298(EDP Sciences, 2022-06-01) Baeza, Ian; Fernández-Trincado, José G.; Villanova, Sandro; Geisler, Doug; Minniti, Dante; Garro, Elisa R.; Barbuy, Beatriz; Beers, Timothy C.; Lane, Richard R.We present detailed elemental abundances and radial velocities of stars in the metal-poor globular cluster (GC) NGC 2298, based on near-infrared high-resolution (R 22-500) spectra of 12 members obtained during the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2) at Las Campanas Observatory as part of the seventeenth Data Release (DR 17) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). We employed the Brussels Automatic Code for Characterizing High accuracy Spectra (BACCHUS) software to investigate abundances for a variety of species including α elements (Mg, Si, and Ca), the odd-Z element Al, and iron-peak elements (Fe and Ni) located in the innermost regions of NGC 2298. We find a mean and median metallicity [Fe/H 1.76 and 1.75, respectively, with a star-to-star spread of 0.14 dex, which is compatible with the internal measurement errors. Thus, we find no evidence for an intrinsic [Fe/H] abundance spread in NGC 2298. The typical α-element enrichment in NGC 2298 is overabundant relative to the Sun, and it follows the trend of other metal-poor GCs. We confirm the existence of an Al-enhanced population in this cluster, which is clearly anti-correlated with Mg, indicating the prevalence of the multiple-population phenomenon in NGC 2298. © ESO 2022Ítem CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey II. The intriguing “Sequoia” globular cluster FSR 1758(EDP Sciences, 2021-08-01) Romero-Colmenares, María; Fernández-Trincado, José G.; Geisler, Doug; Souza, Stefano O.; Villanova, Sandro; Longa-Peña, Penélope; Minniti, Dante; Beers, Timothy C.; Bidin, Cristian Moni; Perez-Villegas, Angeles; Moreno, Edmundo; Garro, Elisa R.; Baeza, Ian; Henao, Lady; Barbuy, Beatriz; Alonso-García, Javier; Cohen, Roger E.; Lane, Richard R.; Muñoz, CesarWe present results from a study of 15 red giant members of the intermediate-metallicity globular cluster (GC) FSR 1758 using high-resolution, near-infrared spectra collected with the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment II survey (APOGEE-2) that were obtained as part of CAPOS (the bulge Cluster APOgee Survey). Since its very recent discovery as a massive GC in the bulge region, evoking the name Sequoia, this has been an intriguing object with a highly debated origin, and initially led to the suggestion of a purported progenitor dwarf galaxy of the same name. In this work, we use new spectroscopic and astrometric data to provide additional clues as to the nature of FSR 1758. Our study confirms the GC nature of FSR 1758, and as such we report the existence of the characteristic N-C anticorrelation and Al-N correlation for the first time. We thereby reveal the existence of the multiple-population phenomenon, similar to that observed in virtually all GCs. Furthermore, the presence of a population with strongly enriched aluminum makes it unlikely that FSR 1758 is the remnant nucleus of a dwarf galaxy because Al-enhanced stars are uncommon in dwarf galaxies. We find that FSR 1758 is slightly more metal rich than previously reported in the literature; this source has a mean metallicity [Fe/H] between -1.43 to -1.36, depending on the adopted atmospheric parameters and a scatter within observational error, again pointing to its GC nature. Overall, the α-enrichment ( + 0.3 dex), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni), light (C, N), and odd-Z (Al) elements follow the trend of intermediate-metallicity GCs. Isochrone fitting in the Gaia bands yields an estimated age of ∼11.6 Gyr. We used the exquisite kinematic data, including our CAPOS radial velocities and Gaia eDR3 proper motions, to constrain the N-body density profile of FSR 1758, and found that it is as massive (∼2.9 ± 0.6 × 105 Mpdbl) as NGC 6752. We confirm a retrograde and eccentric orbit for FSR 1758. A new examination of its dynamical properties with the GravPot16 model favors an association with the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage accretion event. Thus, paradoxically, the cluster that gave rise to the name of the Sequoia dwarf galaxy does not appear to belong to this specific merging event.Ítem CAPOS: the bulge Cluster APOgee Survey IV elemental abundances of the bulge globular cluster NGC 6558(Oxford University Press, 2023-12-01) González-Díaz, Danilo; Fernández-Trincado, José G.; Villanova, Sandro; Geisler, Doug; Barbuy, Beatriz; Minniti, Dante; Beers, Timothy C.; Bidin, Christian Moni; Mauro, Francesco; Muñoz, Cesar; Tang, Baitian; Soto, Mario; Monachesi, Antonela; Lane, Richard R.; Frelijj, HeinzThis study presents the results concerning six red giant stars members of the globular cluster NGC 6558. Our analysis utilized high-resolution near-infrared spectra obtained through the CAPOS initiative (the APOgee Survey of Clusters in the Galactic Bulge), which focuses on surveying clusters within the Galactic Bulge, as a component of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment II survey (APOGEE-2). We employ the Brussels Automatic Code for Characterizing High accUracy Spectra (BACCHUS) code to provide line-by-line elemental-abundances for Fe-peak (Fe, Ni), α-(O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), light-(C, N), odd-Z (Al), and the s-process element (Ce) for the four stars with high-signal-to-noise ratios. This is the first reliable measure of the CNO abundances for NGC 6558. Our analysis yields a mean metallicity for NGC 6558 of 〈[Fe/H]〉 = −1.15 ± 0.08, with no evidence for a metallicity spread. We find a Solar Ni abundance, 〈[Ni/Fe]〉 ∼ +0.01, and a moderate enhancement of α-elements, ranging between +0.16 and [removed] +0.99, along with a low level of carbon, [C/Fe] < −0.12. This behaviour of Nitrogen-Carbon is a typical chemical signature for the presence of multiple stellar populations in virtually all GCs; this is the first time that it is reported in NGC 6558. We also observed a remarkable consistency in the behaviour of all the chemical species compared to the other CAPOS bulge GCs of the same metallicity. © The Author(s) 2023.Ítem CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey: II: The intriguing "sequoia" globular cluster FSR 1758(EDP Sciences, 2021-08-01) Romero-Colmenares, María; Fernández-Trincado, José G.; Geisler, Doug; Souza, Stefano O.; Villanova, Sandro; Longa-Peña, Penélope; Minniti, Dante; Beers, Timothy C.; Bidin, Cristian Moni; Perez-Villegas, Angeles; Moreno, Edmundo; Garro, Elisa R.We present results from a study of 15 red giant members of the intermediate-metallicity globular cluster (GC) FSR 1758 using high-resolution, near-infrared spectra collected with the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment II survey (APOGEE-2) that were obtained as part of CAPOS (the bulge Cluster APOgee Survey). Since its very recent discovery as a massive GC in the bulge region, evoking the name Sequoia, this has been an intriguing object with a highly debated origin, and initially led to the suggestion of a purported progenitor dwarf galaxy of the same name. In this work, we use new spectroscopic and astrometric data to provide additional clues as to the nature of FSR 1758. Our study confirms the GC nature of FSR 1758, and as such we report the existence of the characteristic N-C anticorrelation and Al-N correlation for the first time. We thereby reveal the existence of the multiple-population phenomenon, similar to that observed in virtually all GCs. Furthermore, the presence of a population with strongly enriched aluminum makes it unlikely that FSR 1758 is the remnant nucleus of a dwarf galaxy because Al-enhanced stars are uncommon in dwarf galaxies. We find that FSR 1758 is slightly more metal rich than previously reported in the literature; this source has a mean metallicity [Fe/H] between -1.43 to -1.36, depending on the adopted atmospheric parameters and a scatter within observational error, again pointing to its GC nature. Overall, the α-enrichment ( + 0.3 dex), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni), light (C, N), and odd-Z (Al) elements follow the trend of intermediate-metallicity GCs. Isochrone fitting in the Gaia bands yields an estimated age of ∼11.6 Gyr. We used the exquisite kinematic data, including our CAPOS radial velocities and Gaia eDR3 proper motions, to constrain the N-body density profile of FSR 1758, and found that it is as massive (∼2.9 ± 0.6 × 105 Mpdbl) as NGC 6752. We confirm a retrograde and eccentric orbit for FSR 1758. A new examination of its dynamical properties with the GravPot16 model favors an association with the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage accretion event. Thus, paradoxically, the cluster that gave rise to the name of the Sequoia dwarf galaxy does not appear to belong to this specific merging event.Ítem Final Targeting Strategy for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2S Survey(American Astronomical Society, 2021-12-01) Santana, Felipe A.; Beaton, Rachael L.; Covey, Kevin R.; O'Connell, Julia E.; Longa-Peña, Penélope; Cohen, Roger; Fernández-Trincado, José G.; Hayes, Christian R.; Zasowski, Gail; Sobeck, Jennifer S.; Majewski, Steven R.; Chojnowski, S. D.; De Lee, Nathan; Oelkers, Ryan J.; Stringfellow, Guy S.; Almeida, Andrés; Anguiano, Borja; Donor, John; Frinchaboy, Peter M.; Hasselquist, Sten; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Kollmeier, Juna A.; Nidever, David L.; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Rojas-Arriagada, Álvaro; Schultheis, Mathias; Shetrone, Matthew; Simon, Joshua D.; Aerts, Conny; Borissova, Jura; Drout, María R.; Geisler, Doug; Law, C. Y.; Medina, Nicolas; Minniti, Dante; Monachesi, Antonela; Muñoz, Ricardo R.; Poleski, Radosław; Roman-Lopes, Alexandre; Schlaufman, Kevin C.; Stutz, Amelia M.; Teske, Johanna; Tkachenko, Andrew; Van Saders, Jennifer L.; Weinberger, Alycia J.; Zoccali, ManuelaAPOGEE is a high-resolution (R ∼ 22,000), near-infrared, multi-epoch, spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way. The second generation of the APOGEE project, APOGEE-2, includes an expansion of the survey to the Southern Hemisphere called APOGEE-2S. This expansion enabled APOGEE to perform a fully panoramic mapping of all of the main regions of the Milky Way; in particular, by operating in the H band, APOGEE is uniquely able to probe the dust-hidden inner regions of the Milky Way that are best accessed from the Southern Hemisphere. In this paper we present the targeting strategy of APOGEE-2S, with special attention to documenting modifications to the original, previously published plan. The motivation for these changes is explained as well as an assessment of their effectiveness in achieving their intended scientific objective. In anticipation of this being the last paper detailing APOGEE targeting, we present an accounting of all such information complete through the end of the APOGEE-2S project; this includes several main survey programs dedicated to exploration of major stellar populations and regions of the Milky Way, as well as a full list of programs contributing to the APOGEE database through allocations of observing time by the Chilean National Time Allocation Committee and the Carnegie Institution for Science. This work was presented along with a companion article, Beaton et al. (2021), presenting the final target selection strategy adopted for APOGEE-2 in the Northern Hemisphere.Ítem Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO): I. An updated census of APOGEE N-rich giants across the Milky Way(EDP Sciences, 2022-07-01) Fernández Trincado, José G.; Beers, Timothy C.; Barbuy, Beatriz; Minniti, Dante; Chiappini, Cristina; Garro, Elisa R.; Tang, Baitian; Alves Brito, Alan; Villanova, Sandro; Geisler, Doug; Lane, Richard R.; Diaz, Danilo G.We use the 17th data release of the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2) to provide a homogenous census of N-rich red giant stars across the Milky Way (MW). We report a total of 149 newly identified N-rich field giants toward the bulge, metal-poor disk, and halo of our Galaxy. They exhibit significant enrichment in their nitrogen abundance ratios ([N/Fe]³a+0.5), along with simultaneous depletions in their [C/Fe] abundance ratios ([C/Fe]< +0.15), and they cover a wide range of metallicities (1.8< [Fe/H]< 0.7). The final sample of candidate N-rich red giant stars with globular-cluster-like (GC-like) abundance patterns from the APOGEE survey includes a grand total of 412 unique objects. These strongly N-enhanced stars are speculated to have been stripped from GCs based on their chemical similarities with these systems. Even though we have not found any strong evidence for binary companions or signatures of pulsating variability yet, we cannot rule out the possibility that some of these objects were members of binary systems in the past and/or are currently part of a variable system. In particular, the fact that we identify such stars among the field stars in our Galaxy provides strong evidence that the nucleosynthetic process(es) producing the anomalous [N/Fe] abundance ratios occurs over a wide range of metallicities. This may provide evidence either for or against the uniqueness of the progenitor stars to GCs and/or the existence of chemical anomalies associated with likely tidally shredded clusters in massive dwarf galaxies such as Kraken/Koala, Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage, among others, before or during their accretion by the MW. A dynamical analysis reveals that the newly identified N-rich stars exhibit a wide range of dynamical characteristics throughout the MW, indicating that they were produced in a variety of Galactic environments. ©Ítem Homogeneous analysis of globular clusters from the APOGEE survey with the BACCHUS code – II. The Southern clusters and overview(Oxford University Press, 2020-02) Szabolcs, Meszaros; Masseron, Thomas; García-Hernandez, D. A.; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Beers, Timothy C.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Chojnowski, Drew; Cohen, Roger E.; Cunha, Katia; Dell’Agli, Flavia; Ebelke, Garrett; Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G.; Frinchaboy, Peter; Geisler, Doug; Hasselquist, Sten; Hearty, Fred; Holtzman, Jon; Johnson, Jennifer; Lane, Richard R; Lacerna, Ivan; Longa-Pena, Penelope; Majewski, Steven R.; Martell, Sarah L; Minniti, Dante; Nataf, David; Nidever, David L.; Pan, Kaike; Schiavon, Ricardo P.; Shetrone, Matthew; Smith, Verne V.; . Sobeck, Jennifer S; Stringfellow, Guy S.; Szigeti, Laszlo; Tang, Baitian; Wilson, John C.; Zamora, OlgaWe investigate the Fe, C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ce, and Nd abundances of 2283 red giant stars in 31 globular clusters from high-resolution spectra observed in both the Northern and Southern hemisphere by the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 survey. This unprecedented homogeneous data set, largest to date, allows us to discuss the intrinsic Fe spread, the shape, and statistics of Al-Mg and N-C anti-correlations as a function of cluster mass, luminosity, age, and metallicity for all 31 clusters. We find that the Fe spread does not depend on these parameters within our uncertainties including cluster metallicity, contradicting earlier observations. We do not confirm the metallicity variations previously observed in M22 and NGC 1851. Some clusters show a bimodal Al distribution, while others exhibit a continuous distribution as has been previously reported in the literature. We confirm more than two populations in ω Cen and NGC 6752, and find new ones in M79. We discuss the scatter of Al by implementing a correction to the standard chemical evolution of Al in the Milky Way. After correction, its dependence on cluster mass is increased suggesting that the extent of Al enrichment as a function of mass was suppressed before the correction. We observe a turnover in the Mg-Al anticorrelation at very low Mg in ω Cen, similar to the pattern previously reported in M15 and M92. ω Cen may also have a weak K-Mg anticorrelation, and if confirmed, it would be only the third cluster known to show such a patternÍtem How many components? Quantifying the complexity of the metallicity distribution in the Milky Way bulge with APOGEE(Oxford University Press, 2020-11-01) Rojas-Arriagada, Alvaro; Zasowski, Gail; Schultheis, Mathias; Zoccali, Manuela; Hasselquist, Sten; Chiappini, Cristina; Cohen, Roger E.; Cunha, Katia; Fernández-Trincado, José G.; Fragkoudi, Francesca; Garcia-Hernández, D. A.; Geisler, Doug; Gran, Felipe; Lian, Jianhui; Majewski, Steven; Minniti, Dante; Monachesi, Antonela; Nitschelm, Christian; Queiroz, Anna B. A.We use data of ~13 000 stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey to study the shape of the bulge metallicity distribution function (MDF) within the region |l| = 11° and |b| = 13°, and spatially constrained to RGC = 3.5 kpc. We apply Gaussian mixture modelling and non-negative matrix factorization decomposition techniques to identify the optimal number and the properties of MDF components. We find that the shape and spatial variations of the MDF (at [Fe/H]=-1 dex) are well represented as a smoothly varying contribution of three overlapping components located at [Fe/H] = +0.32, -0.17, and -0.66 dex. The bimodal MDF found in previous studies is in agreement with our trimodal assessment once the limitations in sample size and individual measurement errors are taken into account. The shape of the MDF and its correlations with kinematics reveal different spatial distributions and kinematical structure for the three components co-existing in the bulge region. We confirm the consensus physical interpretation of metal-rich stars as associated with the secularly evolved disc into a boxy/peanut X-shape bar. On the other hand, metal-intermediate stars could be the product of in-situ formation at high redshift in a gas-rich environment characterized by violent and fast star formation. This interpretation would help us to link a present-day structure with those observed in formation in the centre of high-redshift galaxies. Finally, metal-poor stars may correspond to the metal-rich tail of the population sampled at lower metallicity from the study of RR Lyrae stars. Conversely, they could be associated with the metal-poor tail of the early thick disc.Ítem Is Terzan 5 the remnant of a building block of the Galactic bulge? Evidence from APOGEE(Oxford University Press, 2022-07-01) Taylor, Dominic J.; Mason, Andrew C.; Schiavon, Ricardo P.; Horta, Danny; Nataf, David M.; Geisler, Doug; Kisku, Shobhit; Phillips, Siân G.; Cohen, Roger E.; Fernández Trincado, José G.; Beers, Timothy C.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; García Hernández, Domingo Aníbal; Lane, Richard R.; Longa Peña, Penélope; Minniti, Dante; Muñoz, Cesar; Pan, Kaike; Villanova, SandroIt has been proposed that the globular cluster-like system Terzan 5 is the surviving remnant of a primordial building block of the Milky Way bulge, mainly due to the age/metallicity spread and the distribution of its stars in the α-Fe plane. We employ Sloan Digital Sky Survey data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment to test this hypothesis. Adopting a random sampling technique, we contrast the abundances of 10 elements in Terzan 5 stars with those of their bulge field counterparts with comparable atmospheric parameters, finding that they differ at statistically significant levels. Abundances between the two groups differ by more than 1σ in Ca, Mn, C, O, and Al, and more than 2σ in Si and Mg. Terzan 5 stars have lower [α/Fe] and higher [Mn/Fe] than their bulge counterparts. Given those differences, we conclude that Terzan 5 is not the remnant of a major building block of the bulge. We also estimate the stellar mass of the Terzan 5 progenitor based on predictions by the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments suite of cosmological numerical simulations, concluding that it may have been as low as ∼3 × 108 M⊙ so that it was likely unable to significantly influence the mean chemistry of the bulge/inner disc, which is significantly more massive (∼1010 M⊙). We briefly discuss existing scenarios for the nature of Terzan 5 and propose an observational test that may help elucidate its origin. © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.Ítem The chemical characterization of halo substructure in the Milky Way based on APOGEE(Oxford University Press, 2023-04) Horta, Danny; Schiavon, Ricardo P.; Mackereth, J. Ted; Weinberg, David H.; Hasselquist, Sten; Feuillet, Diane; O’Connell, Robert W.; Anguiano, Borja; Allende-Prieto, Carlos; Beaton, Rachael L.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Cunha, Katia; Geisler, Doug; García-Hernández D.A.; Holtzman, Jon; Jönsson, Henrik; Lane, Richard R.; Majewski, Steve R.; Mészáros, Szabolcs; Minniti, Dante; Nitschelm, Christian; Shetrone, Matthew; Smith, Verne V.; Zasowski, GailGalactic haloes in a Λ-CDM universe are predicted to host today a swarm of debris resulting from cannibalized dwarf galaxies. The chemodynamical information recorded in their stellar populations helps elucidate their nature, constraining the assembly history of the Galaxy. Using data from APOGEE and Gaia, we examine the chemical properties of various halo substructures, considering elements that sample various nucleosynthetic pathways. The systems studied are Heracles, Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage (GES), the Helmi stream, Sequoia, Thamnos, Aleph, LMS-1, Arjuna, I’itoi, Nyx, Icarus, and Pontus. Abundance patterns of all substructures are cross-compared in a statistically robust fashion. Our main findings include: (i) the chemical properties of most substructures studied match qualitatively those of dwarf Milky Way satellites, such as the Sagittarius dSph. Exceptions are Nyx and Aleph, which are chemically similar to disc stars, implying that these substructures were likely formed in situ; (ii) Heracles differs chemically from in situ populations such as Aurora and its inner halo counterparts in a statistically significant way. The differences suggest that the star formation rate was lower in Heracles than in the early Milky Way; (iii) the chemistry of Arjuna, LMS-1, and I’itoi is indistinguishable from that of GES, suggesting a possible common origin; (iv) all three Sequoia samples studied are qualitatively similar. However, only two of those samples present chemistry that is consistent with GES in a statistically significant fashion; (v) the abundance patterns of the Helmi stream and Thamnos are different from all other halo substructures. © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.Ítem The enigmatic globular cluster UKS 1 obscured by the bulge: H -band discovery of nitrogen-enhanced stars(EDP Sciences, 2020-11-01) Fernández-Trincado, José G.; Minniti, Dante; Beers, Timothy C.; Villanova, Sandro; Geisler, Doug; Souza, Stefano O.; Smith, Leigh C.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Vieira, Katherine; Pérez-Villegas, Angeles; Barbuy, Beatriz; Alves-Brito, Alan; Moni Bidin, Christian; Alonso-García, Javier; Tang, Baitian; Palma, TaliThe presence of nitrogen-enriched stars in globular clusters provides key evidence for multiple stellar populations (MPs), as has been demonstrated with globular cluster spectroscopic data towards the bulge, disk, and halo. In this work, we employ the VVV Infrared Astrometric Catalogue (VIRAC) and the DR16 SDSS-IV release of the APOGEE survey to provide the first detailed spectroscopic study of the bulge globular cluster UKS 1. Based on these data, a sample of six selected cluster members was studied. We find the mean metallicity of UKS 1 to be [Fe/H] = -0.98 ± 0.11, considerably more metal-poor than previously reported, and a negligible metallicity scatter, typical of that observed by APOGEE in other Galactic globular clusters. In addition, we find a mean radial velocity of 66.1 ± 12.9 km s-1, which is in good agreement with literature values, within 1σ. By selecting stars in the VIRAC catalogue towards UKS 1, we also measure a mean proper motion of (μαcos(δ), μδ) = (-2.77 ± 0.23, -2.43 ± 0.16) mas yr-1. We find strong evidence for the presence of MPs in UKS 1, since four out of the six giants analysed in this work have strong enrichment in nitrogen ([N/Fe] - +0.95) accompanied by lower carbon abundances ([C/Fe] -0.2). Overall, the light- (C, N), α- (O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni), Odd-Z (Al, K), and the s-process (Ce, Nd, Yb) elemental abundances of our member candidates are consistent with those observed in globular clusters at similar metallicity. Furthermore, the overall star-to-star abundance scatter of elements exhibiting the multiple-population phenomenon in UKS 1 is typical of that found in other global clusters (GCs), and larger than the typical errors of some [X/Fe] abundances. Results from statistical isochrone fits in the VVV colour-magnitude diagrams indicate an age of 13.10-1.29+0.93 Gyr, suggesting that UKS 1 is a fossil relic in the Galactic bulge.Ítem The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey. IV. Abundances for 128 Open Clusters Using SDSS/APOGEE DR16(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020-05) Donor, John; Frinchaboy, Peter M.; Cunha, Katia; O'connell, Julia E.; Prieto, Carlos Allende; Almeida, Andrés; Anders, Friedrich; Beaton, Rachael; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brownstein, Joel R.; Carrera, Ricardo; Chiappini, Cristina; Cohen, Roger; García-Hernández D. A.; Geisler, Doug; Hasselquist, Sten; Jönsson, Henrik; Lane, Richard R.; Majewski, Steven R.; Minniti, Dante; Bidin, Christian Moni; Pan, Kaike; Roman-Lopes, Alexandre; Sobeck, Jennifer S.; Zasowski, GailThe Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping (OCCAM) survey aims to constrain key Galactic dynamical and chemical evolution parameters by the construction of a large, comprehensive, uniform, infrared-based spectroscopic data set of hundreds of open clusters. This fourth contribution from the OCCAM survey presents analysis using Sloan Digital Sky Survey/APOGEE DR16 of a sample of 128 open clusters, 71 of which we designate to be "high quality" based on the appearance of their color-magnitude diagram. We find the APOGEE DR16 derived [Fe/H] abundances to be in good agreement with previous high-resolution spectroscopic open cluster abundance studies. Using the high-quality sample, we measure Galactic abundance gradients in 16 elements, and find evolution of some of the [X/Fe] gradients as a function of age. We find an overall Galactic [Fe/H] versus R GC gradient of -0.068 ± 0.001 dex kpc-1 over the range of 6 < R GC < 13.9 kpc; however, we note that this result is sensitive to the distance catalog used, varying as much as 15%. We formally derive the location of a break in the [Fe/H] abundance gradient as a free parameter in the gradient fit for the first time. We also measure significant Galactic gradients in O, Mg, S, Ca, Mn, Cr, Cu, Na, Al, and K, some of which are measured for the first time. Our large sample allows us to examine four well-populated age bins in order to explore the time evolution of gradients for a large number of elements and comment on possible implications for Galactic chemical evolution and radial migration.Ítem The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey. VI. Galactic Chemical Gradient Analysis from APOGEE DR17(American Astronomical Society, 2022-09-01) Myers, Natalie; Donor, John; Spoo, Taylor; Frinchaboy, Peter M.; Cunha, Katia; Price Whelan, Adrian M.; Majewski, Steven R.; Beaton, Rachael L.; Zasowski, Gail; O'connell, Julia; Ray, Amy E.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Chiappini, Cristina; García Hernández, D.A.; Geisler, Doug; Jönsson, Henrik; Lane, Richard R.; Longa Peña, Penélope; Minchev, Ivan; Minniti, Dante; Nitschelm, Christian; Roman Lopes, A.The goal of the Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping (OCCAM) survey is to constrain key Galactic dynamic and chemical evolution parameters by the construction and analysis of a large, comprehensive, uniform data set of infrared spectra for stars in hundreds of open clusters. This sixth contribution from the OCCAM survey presents analysis of SDSS/APOGEE Data Release 17 (DR17) results for a sample of stars in 150 open clusters, 94 of which we designate to be "high-quality"based on the appearance of their color-magnitude diagram. We find the APOGEE DR17-derived [Fe/H] values to be in good agreement with those from previous high-resolution spectroscopic open cluster abundance studies. Using a subset of the high-quality sample, the Galactic abundance gradients were measured for 16 chemical elements, including [Fe/H], for both Galactocentric radius (R GC) and guiding center radius (R guide). We find an overall Galactic [Fe/H] versus R GC gradient of -0.073 ± 0.002 dex kpc-1 over the range of 6 > R GC < 11.5 kpc, and a similar gradient is found for [Fe/H] versus R guide. Significant Galactic abundance gradients are also noted for O, Mg, S, Ca, Mn, Na, Al, K, and Ce. Our large sample additionally allows us to explore the evolution of the gradients in four age bins for the remaining 15 elements. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.