Examinando por Autor "González, Mauricio"
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Ítem Cemento Polpaico S.A(Universidad Andrés Bello, 2022) González, Mauricio; Irribarra, Mauricio; Figueroa, Paula; Hurtado, Vannia; Moll Candia, René Adrián; Facultad de Economía y Negocios; Escuela de Contador AuditorEl presente informe pretende analizar y presentar el estado Financiero-Contable de la compañía Cemento Polpaico S.A. considerando información pública del periodo 2017 al 2021. Con el fin de lograr un análisis preciso y claro de su estado actual, se utilizarán informes tales como Estados Financieros, Análisis razonados, memorias anuales, entre otros. En este informe, procederemos a analizar y se concluir la importancia, que actualmente, la compañía representa dentro del mercado nacional donde se desenvuelve.Ítem DNA sequencing in the classroom: complete genome sequence of two earwig (Dermaptera; Insecta) species(2023-12) Kobayashi, Sanae; E. Maldonado, Jonathan; Gaete, Alexis; Araya, Ingrid; Aguado‑Norese, Constanza; Cumplido, Nicolás; Espinoza, Alonso; Fernández, Edelmira; Gajardo, Felipe; González‑Ordenes, Felipe; Hauyon, Khantati; Maldonado, Piedad; Maldonado, Rodrigo; Pochet, Isabel; Riveros, Aníbal; Sandoval, Paula; Sepúlveda‑González, Ailynne; Stuardo, Camila; Tapia‑Reyes, Patricio; Thornton, Carolina; Undurraga, Soledad; Varas, Macarena; Valdivieso, Camilo; Earwig, School; Genome Consortium, Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez; Orellana, Ariel; Montecino, Martín; Maass, Alejandro; González, Mauricio; L. Allende, Miguel; Hodar, Christian; Irles, PaulaBackground: Despite representing the largest fraction of animal life, the number of insect species whose genome has been sequenced is barely in the hundreds. The order Dermaptera (the earwigs) suffers from a lack of genomic information despite its unique position as one of the basally derived insect groups and its importance in agroecosystems. As part of a national educational and outreach program in genomics, a plan was formulated to engage the participation of high school students in a genome sequencing project. Students from twelve schools across Chile were instructed to capture earwig specimens in their geographical area, to identify them and to provide material for genome sequencing to be carried out by themselves in their schools. Results: The school students collected specimens from two cosmopolitan earwig species: Euborellia annulipes (Fam. Anisolabididae) and Forficula auricularia (Fam. Forficulidae). Genomic DNA was extracted and, with the help of scientific teams that traveled to the schools, was sequenced using nanopore sequencers. The sequence data obtained for both species was assembled and annotated. We obtained genome sizes of 1.18 Gb (F. auricularia) and 0.94 Gb (E. annulipes) with the number of predicted protein coding genes being 31,800 and 40,000, respectively. Our analysis showed that we were able to capture a high percentage (≥ 93%) of conserved proteins indicating genomes that are useful for comparative and functional analysis. We were also able to characterize structural elements such as repetitive sequences and non-coding RNA genes. Finally, functional categories of genes that are overrepresented in each species suggest important differences in the process underlying the formation of germ cells, and modes of reproduction between them, features that are one of the distinguishing biological properties that characterize these two distant families of Dermaptera. Conclusions: This work represents an unprecedented instance where the scientific and lay community have come together to collaborate in a genome sequencing project. The versatility and accessibility of nanopore sequencers was key to the success of the initiative. We were able to obtain full genome sequences of two important and widely distributed species of insects which had not been analyzed at this level previously. The data made available by the project should illuminate future studies on the Dermaptera. © 2023, The Author(s).Ítem Genomes of the Orestias pupfish from the Andean Altiplano shed light on their evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships within Cyprinodontiformes(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024-12) Morales, Pamela; Gajardo, Felipe; Valdivieso, Camilo; Valladares, Moisés A.; Di Genova, Alex; Orellana, Ariel; Gutiérrez, Rodrigo A.; González, Mauricio; Montecino, Martin; Maass, Alejandro; Méndez, Marco A.; Allende, Miguel L.Background: To unravel the evolutionary history of a complex group, a comprehensive reconstruction of its phylogenetic relationships is crucial. This requires meticulous taxon sampling and careful consideration of multiple characters to ensure a complete and accurate reconstruction. The phylogenetic position of the Orestias genus has been estimated partly on unavailable or incomplete information. As a consequence, it was assigned to the family Cyprindontidae, relating this Andean fish to other geographically distant genera distributed in the Mediterranean, Middle East and North and Central America. In this study, using complete genome sequencing, we aim to clarify the phylogenetic position of Orestias within the Cyprinodontiformes order. Results: We sequenced the genome of three Orestias species from the Andean Altiplano. Our analysis revealed that the small genome size in this genus (~ 0.7 Gb) was caused by a contraction in transposable element (TE) content, particularly in DNA elements and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). Using predicted gene sequences, we generated a phylogenetic tree of Cyprinodontiformes using 902 orthologs extracted from all 32 available genomes as well as three outgroup species. We complemented this analysis with a phylogenetic reconstruction and time calibration considering 12 molecular markers (eight nuclear and four mitochondrial genes) and a stratified taxon sampling to consider 198 species of nearly all families and genera of this order. Overall, our results show that phylogenetic closeness is directly related to geographical distance. Importantly, we found that Orestias is not part of the Cyprinodontidae family, and that it is more closely related to the South American fish fauna, being the Fluviphylacidae the closest sister group. Conclusions: The evolutionary history of the Orestias genus is linked to the South American ichthyofauna and it should no longer be considered a member of the Cyprinodontidae family. Instead, we submit that Orestias belongs to the Orestiidae family, as suggested by Freyhof et al. (2017), and that it is the sister group of the Fluviphylacidae family, distributed in the Amazonian and Orinoco basins. These two groups likely diverged during the Late Eocene concomitant with hydrogeological changes in the South American landscape. © The Author(s) 2024.Ítem Proteomic analysis of peach fruit mesocarp softening and chilling injury using difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE)(BMC, 2010-01-18) Nilo, Ricardo; Saffie, Carlos; Lilley, Kathryn; Baeza-Yates, Ricardo; Cambiazo, Verónica; Campos-Vargas, Reinaldo; González, Mauricio; Meisel, Lee A.; Retamales, Julio; Silva, Herman; Orellana, ArielBackground: Peach fruit undergoes a rapid softening process that involves a number of metabolic changes. Storing fruit at low temperatures has been widely used to extend its postharvest life. However, this leads to undesired changes, such as mealiness and browning, which affect the quality of the fruit. In this study, a 2-D DIGE approach was designed to screen for differentially accumulated proteins in peach fruit during normal softening as well as under conditions that led to fruit chilling injury.Results: The analysis allowed us to identify 43 spots -representing about 18% of the total number analyzed- that show statistically significant changes. Thirty-nine of the proteins could be identified by mass spectrometry. Some of the proteins that changed during postharvest had been related to peach fruit ripening and cold stress in the past. However, we identified other proteins that had not been linked to these processes. A graphical display of the relationship between the differentially accumulated proteins was obtained using pairwise average-linkage cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Proteins such as endopolygalacturonase, catalase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, pectin methylesterase and dehydrins were found to be very important for distinguishing between healthy and chill injured fruit. A categorization of the differentially accumulated proteins was performed using Gene Ontology annotation. The results showed that the 'response to stress', 'cellular homeostasis', 'metabolism of carbohydrates' and 'amino acid metabolism' biological processes were affected the most during the postharvest.Conclusions: Using a comparative proteomic approach with 2-D DIGE allowed us to identify proteins that showed stage-specific changes in their accumulation pattern. Several proteins that are related to response to stress, cellular homeostasis, cellular component organization and carbohydrate metabolism were detected as being differentially accumulated. Finally, a significant proportion of the proteins identified had not been associated with softening, cold storage or chilling injury-altered fruit before; thus, comparative proteomics has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding fruit softening and postharvest. © 2010 Nilo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Ítem Whole Genome Sequence, Variant Discovery and Annotation in Mapuche-Huilliche Native South Americans(Nature Publishing Group, 2019-12) Vidal, Elena A.; Moyano, Tomás C.; Bustos, Bernabé I.; Pérez-Palma, Eduardo; Moraga, Carol; Riveras, Eleodoro; Montecinos, Alejandro; Azócar, Lorena; Soto, Daniela C.; Vidal, Mabel; Genova, Alex Di; Puschel, Klaus; Nürnberg, Peter; Buch, Stephan; Hampe, Jochen; Allende, Miguel L.; Cambiazo, Verónica; González, Mauricio; Hodar, , Christian; Montecino, Martín; Muñoz-Espinoza, Claudia; Orellana, Ariel; Reyes-Jara, Angélica; Travisany, Dante; Vizoso, Paula; Moraga, Mauricio; Eyheramendy, Susana; Maass, Alejandro; Ferrari, Giancarlo V. De; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Gutiérrez, Rodrigo A.Whole human genome sequencing initiatives help us understand population history and the basis of genetic diseases. Current data mostly focuses on Old World populations, and the information of the genomic structure of Native Americans, especially those from the Southern Cone is scant. Here we present annotation and variant discovery from high-quality complete genome sequences of a cohort of 11 Mapuche-Huilliche individuals (HUI) from Southern Chile. We found approximately 3.1 × 10 6 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) per individual and identified 403,383 (6.9%) of novel SNVs events. Analyses of large-scale genomic events detected 680 copy number variants (CNVs) and 4,514 structural variants (SVs), including 398 and 1,910 novel events, respectively. Global ancestry composition of HUI genomes revealed that the cohort represents a sample from a marginally admixed population from the Southern Cone, whose main genetic component derives from Native American ancestors. Additionally, we found that HUI genomes contain variants in genes associated with 5 of the 6 leading causes of noncommunicable diseases in Chile, which may have an impact on the risk of prevalent diseases in Chilean and Amerindian populations. Our data represents a useful resource that can contribute to population-based studies and for the design of early diagnostics or prevention tools for Native and admixed Latin American populations. © 2019, The Author(s).