Examinando por Autor "Kirk, James"

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    Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS
    (Nature Research, 2023-02) Feinstein, Adina D.; Radica, Michael; Welbanks, Luis; Murray, Catriona Anne; Ohno, Kazumasa; Coulombe, Louis-Philippe; Espinoza, Néstor; Bean, Jacob L.; Teske, Johanna K.; Benneke, Björn; Line, Michael R.; Rustamkulov, Zafar; Saba, Arianna; Tsiaras, Angelos; Barstow, Joanna K.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Gao, Peter; Knutson, Heather A.; MacDonald, Ryan J.; Mikal-Evans, Thomas; Rackham, Benjamin V.; Taylor, Jake; Parmentier, Vivien; Batalha, Natalie M.; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Carter, Aarynn L.; Changeat, Quentin; dos Santos, Leonardo A.; Gibson, Neale P.; Goyal, Jayesh M.; Kreidberg, Laura; López-Morales, Mercedes; Lothringer, Joshua D.; Miguel, Yamila; Molaverdikhani, Karan; Moran, Sarah E.; Morello, Giuseppe; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Sing, David K.; Stevenson, Kevin B.; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Ahrer, Eva-Maria; Alam, Munazza K.; Alderson, Lili; Allen, Natalie H.; Batalha, Natasha E.; Bell, Taylor J.; Blecic, Jasmina; Brande, Jonathan; Caceres, Claudio; Casewell S.L.; Chubb, Katy L.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Crouzet, Nicolas; Cubillos, Patricio E.; Decin, Leen; Désert, Jean-Michel; Harrington, Joseph; Heng, Kevin; Henning, Thomas; Iro, Nicolas; Kempton, Eliza M.-R.; Kendrew, Sarah; Kirk, James; Krick, Jessica; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Lendl, Monika; Mancini, Luigi; Mansfield, Megan; May E.M.; Mayne N.J.; Nikolov, Nikolay K.; Palle, Enric; Petit dit de la Roche, Dominique J. M.; Piaulet, Caroline; Powell, Diana; Redfield, Seth; Rogers, Laura K.; Roman, Michael T.; Roy, Pierre-Alexis; Nixon, Matthew C.; Schlawin, Everett; Tan, Xianyu; Tremblin P.; Turner, Jake D.; Venot, Olivia; Waalkes, William C.; Wheatley, Peter J.; Zhang, Xi
    The Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy1–4. However, these efforts have been hampered by modelling degeneracies between composition and cloud properties that are caused by limited data quality5–9. Here we present the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b obtained using the Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) instrument on the JWST. This spectrum spans 0.6–2.8 μm in wavelength and shows several water-absorption bands, the potassium resonance doublet and signatures of clouds. The precision and broad wavelength coverage of NIRISS/SOSS allows us to break model degeneracies between cloud properties and the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b, favouring a heavy-element enhancement (‘metallicity’) of about 10–30 times the solar value, a sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio and a solar-to-super-solar potassium-to-oxygen (K/O) ratio. The observations are also best explained by wavelength-dependent, non-grey clouds with inhomogeneous coverageof the planet’s terminator. © 2023, The Author(s).
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    Sulfur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b
    (Nature Research, 2024-12) Powell, Diana; Feinstein, Adina D.; Lee, Elspeth K. H.; Zhang, Michael; Tsai, Shang-Min; Taylor, Jake; Kirk, James; Bell, Taylor; Barstow, Joanna; Gao, Peter; Bean, Jacob; Blecic, Jasmina; Chubb, Katy L.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Jordan, Sean; Kitzmann, Daniel; Moran, Sarah E.; Morello, Giuseppe; Moses, Julianne; Welbanks, Luis; Yang, Jeehyun; Zhang, Xi; Ahrer, Eva-Maria; Bello-Arufe, Aaron; Brande, Jonathan; Casewell S.L.; Crouzet, Nicolas; Cubillos, Patricio E.; Demory, Brice-Olivier; Dyrek, Achrène; Flagg, Laura; Hu, Renyu; Inglis, Julie; Jones, Kathryn D.; Kreidberg, Laura; López-Morales, Mercedes; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Meier Valdés, Erik A.; Miguel, Yamila; Parmentier, Vivien; Piette, Anjali A. A.; Rackham, Benjamin V.; Radica, Michael; Redfield, Seth; Stevenson, Kevin B.; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Aggarwal, Keshav; Alam, Munazza K.; Batalha, Natalie M.; Batalha, Natasha E.; Benneke, Björn; Berta-Thompson, Zach K.; Brady, Ryan P.; Caceres, Claudio; Carter, Aarynn L.; Désert, Jean-Michel; Harrington, Joseph; Iro, Nicolas; Line, Michael R.; Lothringer, Joshua D.; MacDonald, Ryan J.; Mancini, Luigi; Molaverdikhani, Karan; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Nixon, Matthew C.; Oza, Apurva V.; Palle, Enric; Rustamkulov, Zafar; Sing, David K.; Steinrueck, Maria E.; Venot, Olivia; Wheatley, Peter J.; Yurchenko, Sergei N.
    The recent inference of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere of the hot (approximately 1,100 K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations1–3 suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres4. This is because of the low (<1 ppb) abundance of SO2 under thermochemical equilibrium compared with that produced from the photochemistry of H2O and H2S (1–10 ppm)4–9. However, the SO2 inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.05 μm and, therefore, the detection of other SO2 absorption bands at different wavelengths is needed to better constrain the SO2 abundance. Here we report the detection of SO2 spectral features at 7.7 and 8.5 μm in the 5–12-μm transmission spectrum of WASP-39b measured by the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS)10. Our observations suggest an abundance of SO2 of 0.5–25 ppm (1σ range), consistent with previous findings4. As well as SO2, we find broad water-vapour absorption features, as well as an unexplained decrease in the transit depth at wavelengths longer than 10 μm. Fitting the spectrum with a grid of atmospheric forward models, we derive an atmospheric heavy-element content (metallicity) for WASP-39b of approximately 7.1–8.0 times solar and demonstrate that photochemistry shapes the spectra of WASP-39b across a broad wavelength range.