Examinando por Autor "Lyman, J.D."

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    A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2017-11) Smartt, S.J.; Chen, T.-W.; Jerkstrand, A.; Coughlin, M.; Kankare, E.; Sim, S.A.; Fraser, M.; Inserra, C.; Maguire, K.; Chambers, K.C.; Huber, M.E.; Krühler, T.; Leloudas, G.; Magee, M.; Shingles, L.J.; Smith, K.W.; Young, D.R.; Tonry, J.; Kotak, R.; Gal-Yam, A.; Lyman, J.D.; Homan, D.S.; Agliozzo, C.; Anderson, J.P.; Angus, C.R.; Ashall, C.; Barbarino, C.; Bauer, F.E.; Berton, M.; Botticella, M.T.; Bulla, M.; Bulger, J.; Cannizzaro, G.; Cano, Z.; Cartier, R.; Cikota, A.; Clark, P.; De Cia, A.; Della Valle, M.; Denneau, L.; Dennefeld, M.; Dessart, L.; Dimitriadis, G.; Elias-Rosa, N.; Firth, R.E.; Flewelling, H.; Flörs, A.; Franckowiak, A.; Frohmaier, C.; Galbany, L.; González-Gaitán, S.; Greiner, J.; Gromadzki, M.; Nicuesa Guelbenzu, A.; Gutiérrez, C.P.; Hamanowicz, A.; Hanlon, L.; Harmanen, J.; Heintz, K.E.; Heinze, A.; Hernandez, M.-S.; Hodgkin, S.T.; Hook, I.M.; Izzo, L.; James, P.A.; Jonker, P.G.; Kerzendorf, W.E.; Klose, S.; Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z.; Kowalski, M.; Kromer, M.; Kuncarayakti, H.; Lawrence, A.; Lowe, T.B.; Magnier, E.A.; Manulis, I.; Martin-Carrillo, A.; Mattila, S.; McBrien, O.; Müller, A.; Nordin, J.; O'Neill, D.; Onori, F.; Palmerio, J.T.; Pastorello, A.; Patat, F.; Pignata, G.; Pumo, M.L.; Prentice, S.J.; Rau, A.; Razza, A.; Rest, A.; Reynolds, T.; Roy, R.; Ruiter, A.J.; Rybicki, K.A.; Salmon, L.; Schady, P.; Schultz, A.S.B.; Schweyer, T.; Seitenzahl, I.R.; Smith, M.; Sollerman, J.; Stalder, B.; Stubbs, C.W.; Sullivan, M.; Szegedi, H.; Taddia, F.; Taubenberger, S.; Terreran, G.; Van Soelen, B.; Vos, J.; Wainscoat, R.J.; Waters, C.; Weiland, H.; Willman, M.; Wiseman, P.; Wright, D.E.; Walton, N.A.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Yaron, O.
    Gravitational waves were discovered with the detection of binary black-hole mergers1 and they should also be detectable from lowermass neutron-star mergers. These are predicted to eject material rich in heavy radioactive isotopes that can power an electromagnetic signal. This signal is luminous at optical and infrared wavelengths and is called a kilonova2-5. The gravitational-wave source GW170817 arose from a binary neutron-star merger in the nearby Universe with a relatively well confined sky position and distance estimate6. Here we report observations and physical modelling of a rapidly fading electromagnetic transient in the galaxy NGC 4993, which is spatially coincident with GW170817 and with a weak, short γ-ray burst7,8. The transient has physical parameters that broadly match the theoretical predictions of blue kilonovae from neutron-star mergers. The emitted electromagnetic radiation can be explained with an ejected mass of 0.04 ± 0.01 solar masses, with an opacity of less than 0.5 square centimetres per gram, at a velocity of 0.2 ± 0.1 times light speed. The power source is constrained to have a power-law slope of -1.2 ± 0.3, consistent with radioactive powering from r-process nuclides. (The r-process is a series of neutron capture reactions that synthesise many of the elements heavier than iron.) We identify line features in the spectra that are consistent with light r-process elements (atomic masses of 90-140). As it fades, the transient rapidly becomes red, and a higher-opacity, lanthanide-rich ejecta component may contribute to the emission. This indicates that neutron-star mergers produce gravitational waves and radioactively powered kilonovae, and are a nucleosynthetic source of the r-process elements. © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.
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    LSQ14efd: Observations of the cooling of a shock break-out event in a type Ic Supernova
    (Oxford University Press, 2017-11) Barbarino, C.; Botticella, M.T.; Dall'Ora, M.; Valle, M. Della; Benetti, S.; Lyman, J.D.; Smartt, S.J.; Arcavi, I.; Baltay, C.; Bersier, D.; Dennefeld, M.; Ellman, N.; Fraser, M.; Gal-Yam, A.; Hosseinzadeh, G.; Howell, D.A.; Inserra, C.; Kankare, E.; Leloudas, G.; Maguire, K.; McCully, C.; Mitra, A.; McKinnon, R.; Olivares, E.F.; Pignata, G.; Rabinowitz, D.; Rostami, S.; Smith, K.W.; Sullivan, M.; Valenti, S.; Yaron, O.; young, D.
    We present the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the type Ic supernova LSQ14efd, discovered by the La SillaQUEST survey and followed by PESSTO. LSQ14efdwas discovered fewdays after explosion and the observations cover up to~100 d. The early photometric points show the signature of the cooling of the shock break-out event experienced by the progenitor at the time of the supernova explosion, one of the first for a type Ic supernova. A comparison with type Ic supernova spectra shows that LSQ14efd is quite similar to the type Ic SN 2004aw. These two supernovae have kinetic energies that are intermediate between standard Ic explosions and those which are the most energetic explosions known (e.g. SN 1998bw).We computed an analytical model for the light-curve peak and estimated the mass of the ejecta 6.3 ± 0.5M⊙, a synthesized nickel mass of 0.25M⊙ and a kinetic energy of Ekin = 5.6 ± 0.5 × 1051 erg. No connection between LSQ14efd and a gamma-ray burst event could be established. However we point out that the supernova shows some spectroscopic similarities with the peculiar SN-Ia 1999ac and the SN-Iax SN 2008A. A core-collapse origin is most probable considering the spectroscopic, photometric evolution and the detection of the cooling of the shock breakout. © 2017 The Authors.
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    PESSTO: Survey description and products from the first data release by the Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects
    (EDP Sciences, 2015-07) Smartt, S.J.; Valenti, S.; Fraser, M.; Inserra, C.; Young, D.R.; Sullivan, M.; Pastorello, A.; Benetti, S.; Gal-Yam, A.; Knapic, C.; Molinaro, M.; Smareglia, R.; Smith, K.W.; Taubenberger, S.; Yaron, O.; Anderson, J.P.; Ashall, C.; Balland, C.; Baltay, C.; Barbarino, C.; Bauer, F.E.; Baumont, S.; Bersier, D.; Blagorodnova, N.; Bongard, S.; Botticella, M.T.; Bufano, F.; Bulla, M.; Cappellaro, E.; Campbell, H.; Cellier-Holzem, F.; Chen, T.-W.; Childress, M.J.; Clocchiatti, A.; Contreras, C.; Dall'Ora, M.; Danziger, J.; De Jaeger, T.; De Cia, A.; Della Valle, M.; Dennefeld, M.; Elias-Rosa, N.; Elman, N.; Feindt, U.; Fleury, M.; Gall, E.; Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.; Galbany, L.; Morales Garoffolo, A.; Greggio, L.; Guillou, L.L.; Hachinger, S.; Hadjiyska, E.; Hage, P.E.; Hillebrandt, W.; Hodgkin, S.; Hsiao, E.Y.; James, P.A.; Jerkstrand, A.; Kangas, T.; Kankare, E.; Kotak, R.; Kromer, M.; Kuncarayakti, H.; Leloudas, G.; Lundqvist, P.; Lyman, J.D.; Hook, I.M.; Maguire, K.; Manulis, I.; Margheim, S.J.; Mattila, S.; Maund, J.R.; Mazzali, P.A.; McCrum, M.; McKinnon, R.; Moreno-Raya, M.E.; Nicholl, M.; Nugent, P.; Pain, R.; Pignata, G.; Phillips, M.M.; Polshaw, J.; Pumo, M.; Rabinowitz, D.; Reilly, E.; Romero-Cañizales, C.; Scalzo, R.; Schmidt, B.; Schulze, S.; Sim, S.; Sollerman, J.; Taddia, F.; Tartaglia, L.; Terreran, G.; Tomasella, L.; Turatto, M.; Walker, E.; Walton, N.A.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Yuan, F.; Zampieri, L.
    Context. The Public European Southern Observatory Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects (PESSTO) began as a public spectroscopic survey in April 2012. PESSTO classifies transients from publicly available sources and wide-field surveys, and selects science targets for detailed spectroscopic and photometric follow-up. PESSTO runs for nine months of the year, January - April and August - December inclusive, and typically has allocations of 10 nights per month. Aims. We describe the data reduction strategy and data products that are publicly available through the ESO archive as the Spectroscopic Survey data release 1 (SSDR1). Methods. PESSTO uses the New Technology Telescope with the instruments EFOSC2 and SOFI to provide optical and NIR spectroscopy and imaging. We target supernovae and optical transients brighter than 20.5m for classification. Science targets are selected for follow-up based on the PESSTO science goal of extending knowledge of the extremes of the supernova population. We use standard EFOSC2 set-ups providing spectra with resolutions of 13-18 Å between 3345-9995 Å. A subset of the brighter science targets are selected for SOFI spectroscopy with the blue and red grisms (0.935-2.53 μm and resolutions 23-33 Å) and imaging with broadband JHKs filters. Results. This first data release (SSDR1) contains flux calibrated spectra from the first year (April 2012-2013). A total of 221 confirmed supernovae were classified, and we released calibrated optical spectra and classifications publicly within 24 h of the data being taken (via WISeREP). The data in SSDR1 replace those released spectra. They have more reliable and quantifiable flux calibrations, correction for telluric absorption, and are made available in standard ESO Phase 3 formats. We estimate the absolute accuracy of the flux calibrations for EFOSC2 across the whole survey in SSDR1 to be typically ∼15%, although a number of spectra will have less reliable absolute flux calibration because of weather and slit losses. Acquisition images for each spectrum are available which, in principle, can allow the user to refine the absolute flux calibration. The standard NIR reduction process does not produce high accuracy absolute spectrophotometry but synthetic photometry with accompanying JHKs imaging can improve this. Whenever possible, reduced SOFI images are provided to allow this. Conclusions. Future data releases will focus on improving the automated flux calibration of the data products. The rapid turnaround between discovery and classification and access to reliable pipeline processed data products has allowed early science papers in the first few months of the survey. © ESO, 2015.