Examinando por Autor "Martínez-Salazar, Cristian"

Mostrando 1 - 4 de 4
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    Effects of progressive resistance training on cognition and igf-1 levels in elder women who live in areas with high air pollution
    (MDPI AG, 2020-09) Molina-Sotomayor, Edgardo; Castillo-Quezada, Humberto; Martínez-Salazar, Cristian; González-Orb, Marcelo; Espinoza-Salinas, Alexis; Gonzalez-Jurado, José Antonio
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a muscular strength programme on the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cognitive status in elder women with mild cognitive impairment who lived in areas of high air pollution. A total of 157 women participated in the study, distributed in four groups: Active/Clean (AC n = 38) and Active/Pollution (AP n = 37), who carried out a progressive resistance training programme for 24 months, and Sedentary/Clean (SC n = 40) and Sedentary/Pollution (SP n = 42). Maximum strength in the upper and lower limbs (1RM), cognition (Mini-Mental Scale Examination (MMSE)) and blood IGF-1 were evaluated. At the beginning of the intervention, there were no differences between the groups in the assessed variables. The active groups which carried out the resistance training programme (AC and AP), registered better results in IGF-1 than the sedentary groups. These differences were statistically significant in AC vs. SC (p < 0.01) and AP vs. SC (p < 0.05). Regarding MMSE, group AC registered the highest score increases (+8.2%) (significantly better than the other groups), while group SP worsened (−7%) significantly compared to the other three groups. In conclusion, resistance training had a positive effect on IGF-1, while sedentary behaviour and air pollution had a negative effect on cognitive status. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    Effects of two physical training programs on the cognitive status of a group of older adults in chile
    (MDPI, 2021) Quezada, Humberto Castillo; Martínez-Salazar, Cristian; Fuentealba-Urra, Sergio; Hernández-Mosqueira, Claudio; Garcés, Nelson Araneda; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny; Molina-Sotomayor, Edgardo
    Introduction: The effect of two physical training methods on older adults should be in-vestigated in greater depth and its results shared with the community. Objective: To determine the effects of two types of physical training on the functional features associated with the cognitive state and the effect on a physiological mediator of growth hormone (IGF-1) in older women. Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental study that included 12 weeks of training in two groups divided into resistance and aerobic training. The study included a population of 113 women aged 69.39 ± 6.48 years from Talcahuano, Chile. All participants were randomly assigned to either group. The MINIMENTAL test was used to examine the executive functions of cognitive state and blood con-centration of IGF-1, which was also used to examine neurotrophic factors. For the assessment of physical condition, an indirect test was used for the maximum mass displaced in one repetition (1RM) by the limbs and the TM6 test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption. Results: Significant differences between the groups with respect to the total score obtained in the MINIMENTAL test (EG1 = 28.13 ± 2.26; EG2 = 28.57 ± 1.83 and CG = 23.47 ± 2.80; ANOVA; p = 0.000) were observed. A post hoc analysis revealed no significant differences when examining executive functions individually between groups (Bonferroni; p > 0.05). An increase in the neurotrophic factor IGF-1 was also recorded in the training groups (EG1 p = 0.014 and EG2 p = 0.005). The pre-and post-test showed large differences in magnitude in the resistance training group (ES = 0.9; 20.41% change). Conclu-sion: Both workouts produce an overall improvement in the functions associated with cognitive status and increase blood concentrations of IGF-1 in older adults. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    Perception of obese schoolchildren regarding their participation in the physical education class and their level of self-esteem: Comparison according to corporal status
    (ARAN Ediciones S.A., 2018-11) Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Cofré-Lizama, Alfonso; Guzmán-Guzmán, Iris Paola; Mayorga, Daniel Jerez; Martínez-Salazar, Cristian; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe
    Background: adequate exposure to Physical Education (PE) classes contributes to a healthier lifestyle among children during their lifespan. Objective: the main objective of this research was to evaluate the perception of obese schoolchildren regarding their participation in PE class and to determine their self-esteem compared with overweight and normal weight groups. Method: in total, 656 schoolchildren (284 females and 372 males), between eleven and 14 years of age, participated in this study. Assessments were made regarding age, sex, anthropometric variables, children’s self-esteem, and perception of participation in the PE class. Results: obese schoolchildren presented significantly lower values of self-esteem (p < 0.001), and exhibited the highest proportion of schoolchildren with low self-esteem (53%). There was a significant relationship between obesity and the following sentence: “I am the last one they choose for games and in games and sports”; 48.53% of schoolchildren with obesity responded positively. With the following sentence: “I look instead of playing”, 57.4% of schoolchildren with obesity responded positively. Conclusion: the results revealed that schoolchildren with obesity feel excluded from PE classes and show low levels of self-esteem, compared with normal weight schoolchildren. © 2018 SENPE y©Arán Ediciones S.L.
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    Relationship in obese Chilean schoolchildren between physical fitness, physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk factors
    (Nutricion Hospitalaria, 2019-01) Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe; Palomino-Devia, Constanza; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel; Martínez-Salazar, Cristian
    Background: obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Objective: to determine the relationship between health-related physical fitness and physical activity levels, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters for different weight statuses of Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: the participants were 272 girls and 333 boys having a mean age of 12.00 ± 1.23 years. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max), standing long jump test (SLJ), handgrip strength, physical activity (PA) levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat (BF) were measured. To establish the relationship between the variables, partial correlations adjusted by sex were carried out and the Chi-square test was applied to compare the proportions between groups. Results: VO 2 max (p < 0.001) was higher in schoolchildren of normal weight. SBP and DBP were higher in obese schoolchildren (p < 0.001). Physical fitness was inversely related to SBP: VO 2 max (r = -0.26, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = -0.11, p = 0.007) and handgrip strength (r = -0.10, p = 0.021), and had a positive relationship with PA: VO 2 max (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = 0.18, p < 0.001), and handgrip strength (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Moreover, VO 2 max and SLJ were inversely related to BMI and WC (p < 0.05). The group of obese schoolchildren contained the highest percentage of individuals with hypertension (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the results obtained in this study show that physical fitness has an inverse relationship with SBP and a positive relationship with PA levels. Besides, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and SLJ are inversely associated with the predictors of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Finally, obese children presented lower physical fitness and included a higher proportion of individuals with hypertension.