Examinando por Autor "Mira, Andrea"
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Ítem Approach from gender-based violence in the perinatal period: A father’s visit to his premature infant during hospitalization(Revista Facultad de Medicina, 2019) Bastías, Rodolfo; Mira, AndreaThis paper reflects on the role of fathers in neonatal care units, bearing in mind that being the parent of a premature infant is complex, stressful, and become a source of fear, anxiety and uncertainty. In the current context, mothers are usually given the role of caregivers, limiting opportunities for father involvement. This analysis focuses on the experiences of the neonatal care service of a hospital in Santiago de Chile, Chile, and on a literature review about fathers and their role in this context.Ítem Are children under five with disabilities' educational rights acknowledged and supported in Chile?(Frontiers Media SA, 2024-03) López, Mauricio; Mira, Andrea; Mauricia, Daniela; Acevedo, Paulina; Lopez, Ruth; Molina, Pamela; Gutiérrez, Lina; de Billerbeck, Eloisa; Breinbauer, CeciliaIn Chile last May 2023, the Ministry of Education in the webinar “Role of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Law1 in the current regulatory framework” released revealing data indicating that in 2015, 3,731 autistic students were registered in the School Integration Program (Programa de Integración Escolar—PIE), a number that in 2023 reached 43,428 autistic students, an increase of more than 1,000% in 8 years (1). PIE is an inclusive strategy of the educational system, which has the purpose of contributing to the continuous improvement of the quality of education, favoring learning in the classroom and the participation of each and every one of the students, especially those with Special Educational Needs (SEN) (2). But not all schools have PIE. The coordinator for attention to the diversity of the Ministry of Education, in this same webinar, said that there is no data on the participation of autistic students in educational establishments that do not have PIE or in nursery education, so these statistics may even be more substantial and do not consider under-five children with disabilities. It is crucial to optimize school readiness for inclusive and equitable quality education for the most vulnerable children (3). Children with disabilities usually experience social and educational exclusion with an essential impact on their mental health and wellbeing (3). For this reason, it is relevant to have efficient early development screening and follow-up systems, adequate records, and the design of support systems that respond to children's needs and their families. In this way, the initiatives for enhancing early child development should prioritize children with developmental disabilities, nevertheless, this requires a multi-sectoral coordination that favors adequate indicators, monitoring, and evaluation of policies and services delivered. States around the world generate a large amount of data on the management and governance of the country. Historically, much of this data in Chile was only accessible through statistical reports that were not easily accessible to the public. In 2009, Chile enacted a law related to facilitating access to public information (4), and created an autonomous institution and guarantor of this regulation, the Council for Transparency (CPLT—Consejo para la Transparencia). Since then, any person in Chile has the right to request information from state administration departments, who, in turn, have the duty to respond to this requirement (5). The information that can be requested is the one related to the acts and resolutions of the State administration bodies, their foundations, the documents that serve as support, and the procedures used for their issuance. All information that is prepared with a public budget, whatever the format or medium in which it is contained, except for the exceptions contemplated in the Transparency Law. However, the technical feasibility and interconnection of the different institutions in charge of delivering the information are still lacking. Most of the information exists, but it is up to individuals and institutions how and what information they share with the general public.Ítem Being parents in a neonatology unit: a construction based on beliefs and experiences in this context(Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, 2023) Mira, Andrea; Bastías, RodolfoIntroduction: Having an infant hospitalized in a neonatal care unit is a complex experience for mothers and fathers. There is evidence of the differences in which most parents experience the fact of having a hospitalized premature baby and how both need differentiated interventions to better deal with this period. Objective: To know through the narratives of fathers how they construct their parental role during the hospitalization of their premature newborn and how it can be influenced by both external and internal factors of the subject. Method: For this study, a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach was used. In-depth interviews were carried out with 14 fathers whose babies were hospitalized in a neonatal care unit, and then a thematic analysis was carried out. Results: Four main categories emerged from the interviews: "Being a father in a neonatal unit", "Building the father role", "Parenting and work" and "Experiences that impact your life". Conclusions: Fathers' narratives contributed to the understanding of their experiences in this context, and it was possible to perceive how their ideas and beliefs were confronted with the reality of a premature ending, which marked the construction and definition of their role. This information could be useful for occupational therapists and health professionals working in this area. © 2023 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. All rights reserved.Ítem Explorar si las estrategías de apego realizadas con dos madres de hijos prematuros en el Hospital San José en el año 2014, generan igual impacto en el vínculo afectivo de la díada(Universidad Andrés Bello, 2015) Montini, Andrea Macarena; Novoa Venegas, Verónica Natalia; Mira, Andrea; Azócar, Rodrigo; Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación; Escuela de Terapia OcupacionalLa neonatología comenzó a tomar énfasis en el plano de la salud a principios del siglo XIX, centrados principalmente en las patologías referidas a los neonatos y a los niños/as. A lo largo de los años se han logrado grandes avances en relación a la sobrevida en las unidades de neonatología, ya que, múltiples esfuerzos han sido dedicados para potenciar dicho objetivo. Actualmente, esta área se encuentra regida por el modelo biomédico, sin embargo, lentamente el enfoque biopsicosocial ha comenzado a establecerse. Dicho enfoque se compone por la trilogía de lo biológico, psicológico y social, ante ello se ha comenzado a implementar procedimientos en pro el bienestar del neonato, siendo una de las más importantes las estrategias de apego. Según la literatura estas contribuyen a la vinculación afectiva y a favorecer el vínculo de apego.Ítem Interactions between mothers and their moderate preterm babies during hospitalization(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria, 2022) Mira, Andrea; Coo, Soledad; Lemp, Rodolfo Bastías; González, RicardoModerately preterm infants are physiologically immature, their brains must mature and adapt to the extrauterine environment, which can affect their neurological development. Interaction with their caregivers is crucial for their development, however, these may show mental health problems such as depressive symptoms and parental stress. Objective: to evaluate how depressive symptomatology and stress perception of mothers of moderately preterm infants during hospitalization may affect dyad interaction. Patients and Method: 85 dyads participated. During the second and third weeks of hospitalization, mothers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the parental stress scale, and the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Mother-infant interaction was assessed and coded with the Hospitalized Mother-Infant Bonding Observation Scale. Results: mothers of moderately preterm infants hospitalized in a neonatology unit may present significant depressive symptomatology which correlate with the stress experienced by the mother. Parental stress and being small for gestational age showed a negative association with dyad interactions. Conclusions: Having a moderately preterm baby can impact the mental health of mothers and this, at the same time, is related to the interactions they have with their children. Likewise, variables related to the babies were detected that can also decrease the interactions and contact between the dyad. © 2022, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. All rights reserved.Ítem Las representaciones sociales en torno a la inclusión escolar en niños con trastorno del espectro autista: |buna visión al proyecto de integración escolar en un colegio de la comuna de San Miguel (D.M)(Universidad Andrés Bello, 2013) Balbontín Cerda, Pamela Valeska; Sklenar González, Dana Zdenka Alexandra; Mira, Andrea; Montenegro, Cristián; Faculta de Ciencias de la RehabilitaciónLa investigación consistió en evaluar las representaciones sociales en torno a la inclusión escolar en niños con trastornos del espectro autista que están dentro del proyecto de integración escolar (PIE) de un establecimiento educacional de la comuna de San Miguel. Además se considera la voz de profesionales del PIE, sus apoderados, y compañeros que comparten a diario en el contexto educativo. Es así como se realizan entrevistas para conocer su percepción en torno a dos contextos en los cuales se desenvuelve el niño, los cuales son el aula, y el contexto recreativo él cual engloba actividades extraprogramáticas y espacios lúdicos en patio. Por lo tanto, el estudio fue de tipo cualitativo, el que nos permite realizar descripciones de una realidad, en donde son los participantes los cuales expresan su vivencia en una realidad concreta, dando un espacio amplio a un diseño de investigación abierto. Con respecto a los resultados obtenidos estos arrojaron que existe ya establecido un proceso de integración, el cual ha evolucionado lentamente hacia un proceso de inclusión escolar plena, en beneficio de los alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales, favoreciendo además una nueva perspectiva ante las mismas de los alumnos que no presentan esta condición. En conclusión, la sensibilización de la comunidad escolar de manera temprana favorece el desarrollo en pleno de los alumnos que presentan necesidades educativas especiales, y la ayuda a un cambio de perspectiva global sobre la situación de discapacidad que viven muchas personas en nuestra actual sociedad.