Examinando por Autor "Munita, Jose M."
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Ítem Higher prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant enterobacterales in dogs attended for enteric viruses in brazil before and after treatment with cephalosporins(MDPI AG, 2021-02) Salgado-Caxito, Marília; Moreno-Switt, Andrea I.; Paes, Antonio Carlos; Shiva, Carlos; Munita, Jose M.; Rivas, Lina; Benavides, Julio A.The extensive use of antibiotics is a leading cause for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among dogs. However, the impact of using antibiotics to treat viral infections on AMR remains unknown. In this study, we compared the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) between dogs with a suspected infection of canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper (CDV) before and after treatment with third-generation cephalosporins. We found a higher prevalence of ESCR-E faecal carriage in dogs suspected of CPV (37%) and CDV (15%) compared to dogs with noninfectious pathologies (9%) even prior to the start of their treatment. A 7-day course of ceftriaxone or ceftiofur administrated to CPV and CDV-suspected dogs substantially increased their ESCR-E faecal carriage during treatment (85% for CPV and 57% for CDV), and 4 weeks after the treatment ended (89% for CPV and 60% for CDV) when dogs were back in their households. Most of the observed resistance was carried by ESCR-E. coli carrying blaCTX-M genes. Our results suggest the need to optimize prophylactic antibiotic therapy in dogs treated for a suspected viral infection to prevent ESCR-E emergence and spread in the community.Ítem Perspective on Clinically-Relevant Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacterales in Food: Closing the Gaps Using Genomics(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-05) Díaz-Gavidia, Constanza; Álvarez, Francisca P.; Munita, Jose M.; Cortés, Sandra; Moreno-Switt, Andrea I.Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health concerns—it causes 700,000 deaths annually according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Enterobacterales such as E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have become resistant to many relevant antimicrobials including carbapenems and extended spectrum cephalosporins. These clinically relevant resistant Enterobacterales (CRRE) members are now globally distributed in the environment including different food types (meats, produce, dairy). Unlike known foodborne pathogens, CRRE are not usually part of most food surveillance systems. However, numerous reports of CRRE highlight the importance of these bacteria in food and have been shown to contribute to the overall crisis of antimicrobial resistance. This is especially important in the context of carriage of these pathogens by immuno-compromised individuals. CRRE infections upon consumption of contaminated food could colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and eventually be a source of systemic infections such as urinary tract infections or septicemia. While different aspects need to be considered to elucidate this, whole genome sequencing along with metadata could be used to understand genomic relationships of CRRE obtained from foods and humans, including isolates from clinical infections. Once robust scientific data is available on the role of CRRE in food, countries could move forward to better survey and control CRRE in food. © Copyright © 2021 Díaz-Gavidia, Álvarez, Munita, Cortés and Moreno-Switt.