Repositorio Institucional Académico. Universidad Andrés Bello. Chile :: Examinando por Autor "Ortega, Francisco B."

Examinando por Autor "Ortega, Francisco B."

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Active gains in brain using exercise during aging (AGUEDA): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Molina-Hidalgo, Cristina; García-Rivero, Yolanda; Costa-Rodriguez, Claudia; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Fernandez-Gamez, Beatriz; Olvera-Rojas, Marcos; Coca-Pulido, Andrea; Toval, Angel; Bellón, Darío; Sclafani, Alessandro; Martín-Fuentes, Isabel; Triviño-Ibañez, Eva María; de Teresa, Carlos; Huang, Haiqing; Grove, George; Hillman, Charles H.; Kramer, Arthur F.; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.; Gómez-Río, Manuel; Erickson, Kirk I.; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene
Alzheimer’s disease is currently the leading cause of dementia and one of the most expensive, lethal and severe diseases worldwide. Age-related decline in executive function is widespread and plays a key role in subsequent dementia risk. Physical exercise has been proposed as one of the leading non-pharmaceutical approaches to improve executive function and ameliorate cognitive decline. This single-site, two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will include 90 cognitively normal older adults, aged 65–80 years old. Participants will be randomized to a 24-week resistance exercise program (3 sessions/week, 60 min/session, n = 45), or a wait-list control group (n = 45) which will be asked to maintain their usual lifestyle. All study outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 24-weeks after the exercise program, with a subset of selected outcomes assessed at 12-weeks. The primary outcome will be indicated by the change in an executive function composite score assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Secondary outcomes will include changes in brain structure and function and amyloid deposition, other cognitive outcomes, and changes in molecular biomarkers assessed in blood, saliva, and fecal samples, physical function, muscular strength, body composition, mental health, and psychosocial parameters. We expect that the resistance exercise program will have positive effects on executive function and related brain structure and function, and will help to understand the molecular, structural, functional, and psychosocial mechanisms involved. Copyright © 2023 Solis-Urra, Molina-Hidalgo, García-Rivero, Costa-Rodriguez, Mora-Gonzalez, Fernandez-Gamez, Olvera-Rojas, Coca-Pulido, Toval, Bellón, Sclafani, Martín-Fuentes, Triviño-Ibañez, de Teresa, Huang, Grove, Hillman, Kramer, Catena, Ortega, Gómez-Río, Erickson and Esteban-Cornejo.
Association of muscular strength and targeted proteomics involved in brain health in children with overweight/obesity
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-09) Olvera-Rojas, Marcos; Plaza-Florido, Abel; Solis-Urra, Patricio; Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Toval, Angel; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Ortega, Francisco B.
Muscular strength has been positively associated with better brain health indicators during childhood obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the positive impact of muscular strength in brain health are poorly understood. We aimed to study the association of muscular strength with neurology-related circulating proteins in plasma in children with overweight/obesity and to explore the role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a confounder. The participants were 86 Caucasian children (10.1 ± 1.1 years old; 41% girls) from the ActiveBrains project. Muscular strength was measured by field and laboratory tests. CRF was assessed with an incremental treadmill test. Olink's technology was used to quantify 92 neurology-related proteins in plasma. Protein–protein interactions were computed using the STRING website. Muscular strength was positively associated with 12 proteins (BetaNGF, CDH6, CLEC10A, CLM1, FcRL2, HAGH, IL12, LAIR2, MSR1, SCARB2, SMOC2, and TNFRSF12A), and negatively associated with 12 proteins (CLEC1B, CTSC, CTSS, gal-8, GCP5, NAAA, NrCAM, NTRK2, PLXNB3, RSPO1, sFRP3, and THY1). After adjustment for CRF, muscular strength was positively associated with eight proteins (BetaNGF, CDH6, CLEC10A, FcRL2, LAIR2, MSR1, SCARB2, and TNFRSF12A) and negatively associated with two proteins (gal-8 and NrCAM). After applying FDR correction, only CLEC10A remained statistically significant. In conclusion, muscular strength was associated with blood circulating proteins involved in several biological processes, particularly anti-inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, beta amyloid clearance, and neuronal action potential propagation. More powered studies are warranted in pediatric populations to contrast or confirm our findings. © 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Association of sedentary behavior with brain structure and intelligence in children with overweight or obesity: The activebrains project
(MDPI, 2024-04) Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Solis-Urra, Patricio; Mora-Gonzalez, José; Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina; Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Migueles, Jairo H.; Molina-Garcia, Pablo; Verdejo-Roman, Juan; Kramer, Arthur F.; Hillman, Charles H.; Erickson, Kirk I.; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.
We investigated the associations of different sedentary behaviors (SB) with gray matter volume and we tested whether SB related to gray matter volume is associated with intelligence. Methods: 99 children with overweight or obesity aged 8–11 years participated in this cross-sectional study. SB was measured using the Youth Activity Profile-Spain questionnaire. T1-weighted images were acquired with a 3.0 T Magnetom Tim Trio system. Intelligence was assessed with the Kaufman Brief Test. Whole-brain voxel-wise multiple regression models were used to test the associations of each SB with gray matter volume. Results: Watching TV was associated with lower gray matter. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Early life factors and white matter microstructure in children with overweight and obesity: The ActiveBrains project
(Churchill Livingstone, 2022-01) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Verdejo-Román, Juan; Labayen, Idoia; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.
Background & aims: Exposure to a suboptimal environment during the fetal and early infancy period's results in long-term consequences for brain morphology and function. We investigated the associations of early life factors such as anthropometric neonatal data (i.e., birth length, birth weight and birth head circumference) and breastfeeding practices (i.e., exclusive and any breastfeeding) with white matter (WM) microstructure, and ii) we tested whether WM tracts related to early life factors are associated with academic performance in children with overweight/obesity. Methods: 96 overweight/obese children (10.03 ± 1.16 years; 38.7% girls) were included from the ActiveBrains Project. WM microstructure indicators used were fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), derived from Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Academic performance was evaluated with the Battery III Woodcock–Muñoz Tests of Achievement. Regression models were used to examine the associations of the early life factors with tract-specific FA and MD, as well as its association with academic performance. Results: Head circumference at birth was positively associated with FA of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus tract (0.441; p = 0.005), as well as negatively associated with MD of the cingulate gyrus part of cingulum (−0.470; p = 0.006), corticospinal (−0.457; p = 0.005) and superior thalamic radiation tract (−0.476; p = 0.001). Association of birth weight, birth length and exclusive breastfeeding with WM microstructure did not remain significant after false discovery rate correction. None tract related to birth head circumference was associated with academic performance (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results highlighted the importance of the perinatal growth in WM microstructure later in life, although its possible academic implications remain inconclusive. © 2021 The Author(s)
Mentally active but not inactive sedentary behaviors are positively related to adolescents’ cognitive-academic achievements, a cross-sectional study — The Cogni-Action Project
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-10) Cristi-Montero, Carlos; Hernandez-Jaña, Sam; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Tremblay, Mark S.; Ortega, Francisco B.; Feter, Natan; Mota, Jorge; Aguilar-Farias, Nicolas; Ferrari, Gerson; Sadarangani, Kabir P.; Gaya, Anelise
Excessive adolescent sedentary behaviors (SBs) may affect cognitive-academic achievements; however, findings vary according to the SB evaluated and their mental requirements. This study aimed to understand the multivariate association between different SBs and diverse cognitive-academic achievements as a primary analysis. As a secondary one, we differentiated between mentally active and inactive SBs. In this study, 1296 Chilean adolescents (10–14 years old) reported their SB via questionnaires. Cognitive performance was assessed with a neurocognitive battery, and academic achievement was based on school grades. Canonical correlation analysis was performed to determine the mode of covariation (MofC) between two sets of variables. The first set accounted for eight SBs (five considered as “active mentally” and three as “inactive mentally”). The second set accounted for 13 cognitive and academic variables (eight cognitive tasks and five school subjects). Several covariates and a cluster (schools, k = 19) were also included in the analysis. The primary analysis revealed a single significant MofC, with a small canonical relationship (r = 0.22, p = 0.002). This MofC indicated that time spent using computers and engaging in scholarly tasks at home was positively correlated with cognitive processing speed as well as with academic scores in English and History. Secondary analysis revealed two significant modes of covariation. The first confirmed the primary result (r = 0.21, p = 0.001), while the second highlighted the role of time spent playing video games as the sole contributing factor linked to inhibitory control (r = 0.17, p = 0.034). These findings indicate a small positive relationship between certain mentally active SBs and cognitive-academic achievements, emphasizing the need for further comprehensive research to understand these complex relationships. © 2023 The Authors
Physical Performance and Amyloid-β in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
(IOS Press BV, 2023-12-06) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Álvarez-Ortega, Miriam; Molina-Hidalgo, Cristina; Molina-Garcia, Pablo; Arroyo-Ávila, Cristina; García-Hermoso, Antonio; Collins, Audrey M.; Jain, Shivangi; Gispert, Juan Domingo; Liu-Ambrose, Teresa; Ortega, Francisco B.; Erickson, Kirk I.; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene
Background: Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques is one of the main features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Physical performance has been related to dementia risk and Aβ, and it has been hypothesized as one of the mechanisms leading to greater accumulation of Aβ. Yet, no evidence synthesis has been performed in humans. Objective: To investigate the association of physical performance with Aβ in humans, including Aβ accumulation on brain, and Aβ abnormalities measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Methods: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis was performed from inception to June 16th, 2022. Studies were eligible if they examined the association of physical performance with Aβ levels, including the measure of physical performance as a predictor and the measure of Aβ as an outcome in humans. Results: 7 articles including 2,619 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that physical performance was not associated with accumulation of Aβ in the brain (ES = 0.01; 95% CI -0.21 to 0.24; I2 = 69.9%), in the CSF (ES = -0.28; 95% CI -0.98 to 0.41; I2 = 91.0%) or in the blood (ES = -0.19; 95% CI -0.61 to 0.24; I2 = 99.75%). Significant heterogeneity was found across the results , which posed challenges in arriving at consistent conclusions; and the limited number of studies hindered the opportunity to conduct a moderation analysis. Conclusions: The association between physical performance and Aβ is inconclusive. This uncertainly arises from the limited number of studies, study design limitations, and heterogeneity of measurement approaches. More studies are needed to determine whether physical performance is related to Aβ levels in humans.
Study protocol and rationale of the "cogni-action project" a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2019-07-26) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Suarez-Cadenas, Ernesto; Sanchez-Martinez, Javier; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando; Ortega, Francisco B.; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina; Castro-Piñero, Jose; Veloz, Alejandro; Chabert, Steren; Saradangani, Kabir P.; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Migueles, Jairo H.; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Quiroz-Escobar, Milton; Almonte-Espinoza, Diego; Urzúa, Alfonso; Dragicevic, Constantino D.; Astudillo, Aland; Méndez-Gassibe, Eduardo; Riquelme-Uribe, Daniel; Azagra, Marcela Jarpa; Cristi-Montero, Carlos
Background: Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the education field. The Cogni-Action Project is divided into two stages, a cross-sectional study and a crossover-randomized trial. The aim of the first part is to establish the associations of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness with brain structure and function, cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean schoolchildren (10-13 years-old). The aim of the second part is to determinate the acute effects of three PA protocols on neuroelectric indices during a working memory and a reading task. Methods: PA and sedentarism will be self-reported and objectively-assessed with accelerometers in a representative subsample, whilst physical fitness will be evaluated through the ALPHA fitness test battery. Brain structure and function will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a randomized subsample. Cognitive performance will be assessed through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, and academic achievement by school grades. In the second part 32 adolescents (12-13 year-old) will be cross-over randomized to these condition (i) "Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training" (MICT), (ii) "Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training" (C-HIIT), and (iii) Sedentary condition. Neuroelectric indices will be measures by electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking, working memory by n-back task and reading comprehension by a reading task. Discussion: The main strength of this project is that, to our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the potential association of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness on brain structure and function, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a developing country, which presents an important sociocultural gap. For this purpose, this project will use advanced technologies in neuroimaging (MRI), electrophysiology (EEG), and eye-tracking, as well as objective and quality measurements of several physical and cognitive health outcomes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03894241 Date of register: March 28, 2019. Retrospectively Registered. © 2019 The Author(s).
The effects of a 20-week exercise program on blood-circulating biomarkers related to brain health in overweight or obese children: The ActiveBrains project
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Plaza-Florido, Abel; Mendez-Gutierrez, Andrea; Altmäe, Signe; Aguilera, Concepción M.; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene
Background: Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment. However, the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on (a) blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cathepsin B (CTSB), kynurenine, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)); and (b) a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins (discovery analysis). We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health (hippocampal structure and function, cognitive performance, and mental health). Methods: We randomized 81 overweight/obese children (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) into 2 groups: either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control. Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for kynurenine, FGF21, and CTSB; colorimetry for β-hydroxybutyrate; and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The 92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis. Results: Our intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers (all p > 0.05). In the discovery analysis, a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed (standardized differences between groups = –0.3, p = 0.001). This effect was validated using ELISA methods (standardized difference = –0.3, p = 0.01). None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health. Conclusions: Our study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers. We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-I, it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health. Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health. © 2023
The effects of an exercise intervention on neuroelectric activity and executive function in children with overweight/obesity: The ActiveBrains randomized controlled trial
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-01) Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Solis-Urra, Patricio; Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina; Hillman, Charles H.; Kramer, Arthur F.; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B.
Objective: To investigate whether a 20-week aerobic and resistance exercise program induces changes in brain current density underlying working memory and inhibitory control in children with overweight/obesity. Methods: A total of 67 children (10.00 ± 1.10 years) were randomized into an exercise or control group. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based current density (μA/mm2) was estimated using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) during a working memory task (Delayed non-matched-to-sample task, DNMS) and inhibitory control task (Modified flanker task, MFT). In DNMS, participants had to memorize four stimuli (Pokemons) and then select between two of them, one of which had not been previously shown. In MFT, participants had to indicate whether the centered cow (i.e., target) of five faced the right or left. Results: The exercise group had significantly greater increases in brain activation in comparison with the control group during the encoding phase of DNMS, particularly during retention of second stimuli in temporal and frontal areas (peak t = from 3.4 to 3.8, cluster size [k] = from 11 to 39), during the retention of the third stimuli in frontal areas (peak t = from 3.7 to 3.9, k = from 15 to 26), and during the retention of the fourth stimuli in temporal and occipital areas (peak t = from 2.7 to 4.3, k = from 13 to 101). In MFT, the exercise group presented a lower current density change in the middle frontal gyrus (peak t = −4.1, k = 5). No significant change was observed between groups for behavioral performance (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: A 20-week exercise program modulates brain activity which might provide a positive influence on working memory and inhibitory control in children with overweight/obesity. © 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Which indices of cardiorespiratory fitness are more strongly associated with brain health in children with overweight/obesity?
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-01) Haapala, Eero A.; Lubans, David R.; Jaakkola, Timo; Barker, Alan R.; Plaza-Florido, Abel; Gracia-Marco, Luis; Solis-Urra, Patricio; Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Ortega, Francisco B.
Purpose: To compare the strength of associations between different indicesof cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and brain health outcomes in children withoverweight/obesity.Methods: Participants were 100 children aged 8–11 years. CRF was assessedusing treadmill exercise test (peak oxygen uptake [V̇O 2peak], treadmill time, andV̇O 2 at ventilatory threshold) and 20-metre shuttle run test (20mSRT, laps, run-ning speed, estimated V̇O 2peak using the equations by Léger et al., Mahar et al.,and Matsuzaka et al.). Intelligence, executive functions, and academic perfor-mance were assessed using validated methods. Total gray matter and hippocam-pal volumes were assessed using structural MRI.Results: V̇O 2peak/body mass (β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.01–0.35) and treadmill time(β = 0.18–0.21, 95% CI = 0.01–0.39) were positively associated with gray mat-ter volume. 20mSRT laps were positively associated with executive functions (β = 0.255, 95% CI = 0.089–0.421) and academic performance (β = 0.199–0.255, 95%CI = 0.006–0.421), and the running speed was positively associated with executivefunctions (β = 0.203, 95% CI = 0.039–0.367). Estimated V̇O2peak/Léger et al. was posi-tively associated with intelligence, executive functions, academic performance,and gray matter volume (β = 0.205–0.282, 95% CI = 0.013–0.500). EstimatedV̇O 2peak/Mahar et al. and V̇O 2peak/Matsuzaka et al. (speed) were positively associated withexecutive functions (β = 0.204–0.256, 95% CI = 0.031–0.436).Conclusion: Although V̇O2peak is considered the gold standard indicator ofCRF in children, peak performance (laps or running speed) and estimatedV̇O 2peak/Léger et al. derived from 20mSRT had stronger and more consistent asso-ciations with brain health outcomes than other indices of CRF in children withoverweight/obesity

Examinando por Autor "Ortega, Francisco B."

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