Examinando por Autor "Páez, D."
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Ítem Adaptive Reflection on Negative Emotional Experiences: Convergences and Divergence Between the Processing-Mode Theory and the Theory of Self-Distancing Reflection(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019-09) Cova, F.; Garcia, F.; Oyanadel, C.; Villagran, L.; Páez, D.; Inostroza, C.Reflecting on negative emotional experiences can be adaptive but it can also maintain or intensify detrimental emotional states. Which factors determine whether reflection can have one consequence or another is unclear. This study focused on two research programs that have concentrated on this topic in the last decades: processing-mode theory (PMT) and self-distancing theory (SDT). The article described and contrasted both programs and their findings. The promising results that PMT and SDT have achieved in identifying the differences between the forms of adaptive and maladaptive reflection are highlighted. Likewise, the disconcerting contradictions observed between both programs that make integrating the findings difficult are indicated. The PMT states that adaptive reflection is concrete, and it is focused on the how of the experience. The SDT states that adaptive reflection is self-distanced and focused on the global meaning of the experience. The article finishes by indicating possible explanations for these apparent contradictions and outlines the challenges to be solved to improve comprehension of the topic. © Copyright © 2019 Cova, Garcia, Oyanadel, Villagran, Páez and Inostroza.Ítem Factores Asociados con las Memorias Evocadas por Tres Lugares de la Comuna de Concepción, Chile(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2023) Tesche, P.; Antonio, A.; Páez, D.La presente investigación pretendió determinar las variables que influyen en los tipos de memorias colectivas, tipificadas como memoria recuerdo, memoria manipulada y olvido, evocados por 3 lugares vinculados con la dictadura (1973-1990) en Concepción, Chile. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación cuantitativo, descriptivo, con un muestreo no probabilístico por accidente para acceder a 287 participantes de acuerdo a categorías sociodemográficas, orientación política y justificación o no del golpe de Estado en Chile. El instrumento se aplicó en la calle en 3 lugares, 2 considerados de memoria, Memorial de la Universidad de Concepción y el frontis de la Catedral, y un lugar de olvido, el ex cuartel Bahamondes. Se realizaron análisis de Chi cuadrado, Kruskal Wallis, post hoc de Mann Whitney con la corrección de Bonferroni y regresiones logísticas. Predominaron los tipos de memoria recuerdo (47%), en segundo lugar, el olvido (37%) y, finalmente, la memoria manipulada (16%). Las memorias tipo recuerdo se asociaron con ser joven, de orientación política de izquierda (( = 0,29) o no justificar el golpe de Estado (V de Cramer = 0,18). Los lugares de memoria se asociaron más con el tipo de memoria recuerdo, en comparación con el lugar de olvido (( = 0,19). Las memorias recuerdo fueron más frecuentes en la Universidad de Concepción y menos en el ex cuartel Bahamondes. Las conclusiones consideran la relevancia de promover procesos de memoria centrados en el recuerdo ante la amenaza del olvido.Ítem Suicidal Ideation Mediates the Relationship Between Affect and Suicide Attempt in Adolescents.(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020-12) Rubio, A.; Oyanedel, J.C.; Bilbao, M.; Mendiburo-Seguel, A.; López, V.; Páez, D.Suicide, as one of the leading causes of death for the adolescent population, both in Chile and globally, remains a complex and elusive phenomenon. This research studies the association between positive and negative affect in relation with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt, given that affectivity is a fundamental basis on which people make evaluations on their satisfaction with life. First, it examines the reliability, structure, and validity of Watson’s positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) scale in a representative random sample of Chilean high school students (N = 4,568). The scale evidences strong reliability coefficients and a confirmatory factor analysis, excluding one positive (excited) and one negative (nervous) item. The scale shows a satisfactory goodness of fit. Secondly, it investigates the association of PANAS positive and negative affect scores with suicidal ideation as well as reported attempt in adolescents, controlling for the potential effect of age and sex (N = 420 high school students). Low positive and high negative affect, but not sex and age, show a significant association with suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation totally mediates the association of affect with suicide attempt, as expected. Results are discussed regarding prevention and it considers how positive and negative affect can be relevant as indicators for prevention and treatment using widely available technology.