Examinando por Autor "Pinto, Manuel"

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    Ítem
    Transcriptome Profiles of Contrasting Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes under Water Stress
    (MDPI AG, 2019-12) Barra, Macarena; Meneses, Claudio; Riquelme, Stephanie; Pinto, Manuel; Lagüe, Martin; Davidson, Charlotte; H. Tai, Helen
    The potato is susceptible to water stress at all stages of development. We examined four clones of tetraploid potato, Cardinal, Desirée, Clone 37 FB, and Mije, from the germplasm bank of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) in Chile. Water stress was applied by suspending irrigation at the beginning of tuberization. Stomatal conductance, and tuber and plant fresh and dry weight were used to categorize water stress tolerance. Cardinal had a high susceptibility to water stress. Desirée was less susceptible than Cardinal and had some characteristics of tolerance. Mije had moderate tolerance and Clone 37 FB had high tolerance. Differential gene expression in leaves from plants with and without water stress were examined using transcriptome sequencing. Water stress-susceptible Cardinal had the fewest differentially expressed genes at 101, compared to Desirée at 1867, Clone 37 FB at 1179, and Mije at 1010. Water stress tolerance was associated with upregulation of the expression of transcription factor genes and genes involved in osmolyte and polyamine biosynthesis. Increased expression of genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) and dehydrin proteins along with decreased expression of genes involved in nitrate assimilation and amino acid metabolism were found for clones showing water stress tolerance. The results also show that a water deficit was associated with reduced biotic stress responses. Additionally, heat shock protein genes were differentially expressed in all clones except for highly susceptible Cardinal. Together, the gene expression study demonstrates variation in the molecular pathways and biological processes in response to water stress contributing to tolerance and susceptibility. © 2019 by the authors.
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    Ítem
    Whole genome comparison between table and wine grapes reveals a comprehensive catalog of structural variants
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2014-01) Di Genova, Alex; Almeida, Andrea M.; Muñoz-Espinoza, Claudia; Vizoso, Paula; Travisany, Dante; Moraga, Carol; Pinto, Manuel; Hinrichsen, Patricio; Orellana, Ariel; Maass, Alejandro
    Background: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is the most important Mediterranean fruit crop, used to produce both wine and spirits as well as table grape and raisins. Wine and table grape cultivars represent two divergent germplasm pools with different origins and domestication history, as well as differential characteristics for berry size, cluster architecture and berry chemical profile, among others. ‘Sultanina’ plays a pivotal role in modern table grape breeding providing the main source of seedlessness. This cultivar is also one of the most planted for fresh consumption and raisins production. Given its importance, we sequenced it and implemented a novel strategy for the de novo assembly of its highly heterozygous genome. Results: Our approach produced a draft genome of 466 Mb, recovering 82% of the genes present in the grapevine reference genome; in addition, we identified 240 novel genes. A large number of structural variants and SNPs were identified. Among them, 45 (21 SNPs and 24 INDELs) were experimentally confirmed in ‘Sultanina’ and six SNPs in other 23 table grape varieties. Transposable elements corresponded to ca. 80% of the repetitive sequences involved in structural variants and more than 2,000 genes were affected in their structure by these variants. Some of these genes are likely involved in embryo development, suggesting that they may contribute to seedlessness, a key trait for table grapes. Conclusions: This work produced the first structural variants and SNPs catalog for grapevine, constituting a novel and very powerful tool for genomic studies in this key fruit crop, particularly useful to support marker assisted breeding in table grapes.