Examinando por Autor "Plaza-Diaz, Julio"

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    Passive commuting and higher sedentary time is associated with vitamin D deficiency in adult and older women: Results from Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017
    (Nutrients, 2019) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Cristi-Montero, Carlos; Romero-Parra, Javier; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Saez-Lara, Maria Jose; Plaza-Diaz, Julio
    The aim was to investigate the associations between different physical activity (PA) patterns and sedentary time (ST) with vitamin D deficiency (<12 ng/mL) in a large sample of Chilean women. In this cross-sectional study, the final sample included 1245 adult and 686 older women. The PA levels, mode of commuting, ST, and leisure-time PA were self-reported. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as <12 ng/mL and insufficiency as <20 ng/mL. A higher ST was associated with vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio (OR): 2.4, 95%: 1.6–4.3) in adults, and passive commuting was associated with vitamin D deficiency in older (OR: 1.7, 95%: 1.1–2.7). Additionally, we found a joint association in the high ST/passive commuting group in adults (OR: 2.8, 95%: 1.6–4.9) and older (OR: 2.8, 95%: 1.5–5.2) with vitamin D deficiency, in respect to low ST/active commuting. The PA levels and leisure-time PA were not associated with vitamin D deficiency. In conclusion, mode of commuting and ST seems important variables related to vitamin D deficiency. Promoting a healthy lifestyle appears important also for vitamin D levels in adult and older women. Further studies are needed to establish causality of this association and the effect of vitamin D deficiency in different diseases in this population. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    Physical Activity, Gut Microbiota, and Genetic Background for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-12) Plaza-Diaz, Julio; Radar, Ana Mei; Baig, Aiman Tariq; Leyba, Marcos Federico; Costabel, Maria Macarena; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Sanchez-Martinez, Javier; MacKenzie, Alex E.; Solis-Urra, Patricio
    It is estimated that one in 100 children worldwide has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD frequently suffer from gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal issues, findings which possibly play a role in the pathogenesis and/or severity of their condition. Physical activity may have a positive effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. However, the effect of exercise both on the gastrointestinal problems and intestinal microbiota (and thus possibly on ASD) itself in affected children is unknown. In terms of understanding the physiopathology and manifestations of ASD, analysis of the gut–brain axis holds some promise. Here, we discuss the physiopathology of ASD in terms of genetics and microbiota composition, and how physical activity may be a promising non-pharmaceutical approach to improve ASD-related symptoms. © 2022 by the authors.
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    The mediation effect of self–report physical activity patterns in the relationship between educational level and cognitive impairment in elderly: A cross-sectional analysis of chilean health national survey 2016–2017
    (MDPI, 2020-04) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Plaza-Diaz, Julio; Álvarez-Mercado, Ana Isabel; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando; Cristi-Montero, Carlos; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Sanchez-Martinez, Javier; Abadía-Molina, Francisco
    The aims of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the association of educational level attained with cognitive impairment and (ii) to investigate the mediating effect of different self-report physical activity (PA) patterns in a large sample of older Chileans. A sample of 1571 older adults from the National Chilean Survey (2016–2017) was included. The educational level attained, PA levels, mode of commuting, sedentary time, and leisure-time PA were self-reported through validated questionnaires. Cognitive impairment was determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (modified version). Association between educational level attained and cognitive impairment was examined using logistic regression models. Counterfactual mediation models were used to test the mediating effect of self-reported PA patterns. A lower educational level was consistently associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR range 2.846 to 2.266, all p < 0.001), while leisure-time PA was the only PA pattern that partially mediated this association (proportion mediated 8.0%). In conclusion, leisure-time PA was the solely PA pattern that partially mediated the association between the educational level and cognitive impairment. The rest self-reported PA patterns did not modify this association. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.