Examinando por Autor "Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska L."

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  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Characterization of the upper respiratory tract microbiota in Chilean asthmatic children reveals compositional, functional, and structural differences
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-07) Ramos-Tapia, Ignacio; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska L.; Pérez-Losada, Marcos; Castro-Nallar, Eduardo
    Around 155 million people worldwide suffer from asthma. In Chile, the prevalence of this disease in children is around 15% and has a high impact in the health system. Studies suggest that asthma is caused by multiple factors, including host genetics, antibiotic use, and the development of the airway microbiota. Here, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to characterize the nasal and oral mucosae of 63 asthmatic and 89 healthy children (152 samples) from Santiago, Chile. We found that the nasal mucosa was dominated by a high abundance of Moraxella, Dolosigranulum, Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus. In turn, the oral mucosa was characterized by a high abundance of Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Gemella, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Porphyromonas. Our results showed significantly (P < 0.001) lower alpha diversity and an over-abundance of Streptococcus (P < 0.01) in nasal samples from asthmatics compared to samples from healthy subjects. Community structure, as revealed by co-occurrence networks, showed different microbial interactions in asthmatic and healthy subjects, particularly in the nasal microbiota. The networks revealed keystone genera in each body site, including Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Porphyromonas in the nasal microbiota, and Streptococcus, Granulicatella, and Veillonella in the oral microbiota. We also detected 51 functional pathways differentially abundant on the nasal mucosa of asthmatic subjects, although only 13 pathways were overrepresented in the asthmatic subjects (P < 0.05). We did not find any significant differences in microbial taxonomic (composition and structure) and functional diversity between the oral mucosa of asthmatic and healthy subjects. This study explores for the first time the relationships between the upper respiratory airways bacteriome and asthma in Chile. It demonstrates that the nasal cavity of children from Santiago harbors unique bacterial communities and identifies potential taxonomic and functional biomarkers of pediatric asthma. 2023 Ramos-Tapia, Reynaldos-Grandón, Pérez-Losada and Castro-Nallar.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Social determinants of health, family overload and quality of life in family caregivers of cancer patients receiving palliative care
    (Revista de Salud Publica, 2019-01) Toffoletto, Maria; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska L.
    Objective To determine which structural, intermediary, and family overload factors explain the quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients receiving palliative care based on the Determinants of Health proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Materials and Methods Analytical, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of 212 family caregivers of cancer patients. The variable ‘quality of life’ was measured using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36 v.2). For the descriptive analysis, relative frequencies, means and standard deviations were used. To analyze the effect of structural and intermediary determinants and overload on quality of life, different linear regression models were estimated. These models were calculated with robust standard errors to deal with possible problems based on the assumption of heterocedasticity. Results The best levels of health were associated with physical function, with a mean score of 86.9 points, while social function reported an average of 51.4. The structural and intermediary variables, in the case of physical and mental health, had a statistically significant relationship with sex and caregiver overload. Being a widower decreased the mental health scale by 13.4 points in relation to married people; having a history of morbidity reduced the mental health scale by 9.4 points. Conclusions The female sex and overload affect the quality of life and health of caregivers. Further studies should focus on the person with cancer, sex and caregiver overload.