Examinando por Autor "Rojas-Valverde, Daniel"

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    Ítem
    Calculating Load and Intensity Using Muscle Oxygen Saturation Data
    (20754663, 2024-04-04) Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Gómez-Carmona, Carlos D.; Olcina, Guillermo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel
    The study aimed to calculate training intensity and load using muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during two differentiated physical tasks. 29 university athletes participated in a 40-m Maximal Shuttle Run Test (MST, 10 × 40-m with 30 s recovery between sprints) and a 3000-m time trial run. Distance and time were used to calculate external load (EL). Internal load indicators were calculated based on percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRMAX) and SmO2 variables: muscle oxygen extraction (∇%SmO2) and the cardio-muscle oxygen index (CMOI) was also provided by relating ∇%SmO2 ÷ %HRMAX, and the training load were calculated as the product of speed (m/min × IL) and the efficiency index [Effindex (m/min ÷ IL)]. A student t test was applied based on Bayesian factor analysis. As expected, EL differed in the 40-m MST (331 ± 22.8) vs. 3000-m trials (222 ± 56.8) [BF10 = 6.25e+6; p = <0.001]. Likewise, IL showed higher values in 40-m MST (39.20 ± 15.44) vs. 3000-m (30.51 ± 8.67) in CMOI: [BF10 = 1.70; p = 0.039]. Training load was greater in 40-m MST (85.77 ± 27.40) vs. 3000-m (15.55 ± 6.77) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 12.5; p = 0.003] and 40-m MST (129.27 ± 49.44) vs. 3000-m (70.63 ± 32.98) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 169.6; p = <0.001]. Also, the Effindex was higher in 40-m MST (10.19 ± 4.17) vs. 3000-m (6.06 ± 2.21) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 137.03; p = <0.001] and 40-m MST (9.69 ± 4.11) vs. 3000-m (7.55 ± 1.87) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 1.86; p = 0.035]. This study demonstrates calculations of training intensity and load based on SmO2 as an internal load indicator along with speed as an external load indicator during two differentiated exercises.
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    Ítem
    Morpho-functional characterization of an elite Chilean mountain runner: Insights from a high-performance case study
    (Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025) Nieto-Jiménez, Claudio; Martin, Eduardo Baez-San; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Tuesta, Marcelo
    Trail running (TR) is an endurance sport practised on irregular natural terrain with significant elevation changes. The aim was to analyse cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, bilateral body composition and maximal strength profiles in the lower limbs of elite Chilean trail runners. A 26-year-old Chilean amateur ultra trail runner was studied (body weight: 62.3 kg, height: 1.71 m, BMI: 21.2 kg/m2, lean mass: 54 kg (86.6%), muscle mass: 30.3 kg (48.6%), fat mass: 8.3 kg (13.3%) and a skeletal muscle mass index of 7.5 kg/m2). The subject participated in three laboratory sessions: 1) anthropometric and pulmonary measurements, 2) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with heart rate variability (HRV) assessment, and 3) isometric and isokinetic lower limb strength assessment. During the CPET, VO2max, ventilatory and HRV thresholds were measured using the DFA a1 algorithm. Quadriceps muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was also recorded. The runner presented a VO2max of 75 ml/kg/min. SmO2 values during CPET were 67.2% at rest, 38.5% at VT1, 26.8% at VT2 and 17.2% at VO2max. The results showed that the first heart rate variability threshold (HRVT1) coincided with the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Isometric and isokinetic evaluation revealed a higher eccentric flexion/concentric extension ratio in the right hip compared to the left, with values of 2.58 for the right and 2.25 for the left. Aerobic fitness is essential for trail running performance. Ventilatory thresholds and HRV, together with SmO2, may be useful tools for monitoring muscle fatigue. The observed muscle strength imbalances between limbs highlight the importance of training for strength symmetry to maximise performance and reduce the risk of injury. Future studies on muscle oxygenation, respiratory function and muscle asymmetries may improve training strategies in TR. © 2025 ARD Asociación Española.
  • No hay miniatura disponible
    Ítem
    Morpho-functional characterization of an elite Chilean mountain runner: Insights from a high-performance case study
    (Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025) Nieto-Jiménez, Claudio; Martin, Eduardo Baez-San; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
    Trail running (TR) is an endurance sport practised on irregular natural terrain with significant elevation changes. The aim was to analyse cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, bilateral body composition and maximal strength profiles in the lower limbs of elite Chilean trail runners. A 26-year-old Chilean amateur ultra trail runner was studied (body weight: 62.3 kg, height: 1.71 m, BMI: 21.2 kg/m2, lean mass: 54 kg (86.6%), muscle mass: 30.3 kg (48.6%), fat mass: 8.3 kg (13.3%) and a skeletal muscle mass index of 7.5 kg/m2). The subject participated in three laboratory sessions: 1) anthropometric and pulmonary measurements, 2) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with heart rate variability (HRV) assessment, and 3) isometric and isokinetic lower limb strength assessment. During the CPET, VO2max, ventilatory and HRV thresholds were measured using the DFA a1 algorithm. Quadriceps muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was also recorded. The runner presented a VO2max of 75 ml/kg/min. SmO2 values during CPET were 67.2% at rest, 38.5% at VT1, 26.8% at VT2 and 17.2% at VO2max. The results showed that the first heart rate variability threshold (HRVT1) coincided with the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Isometric and isokinetic evaluation revealed a higher eccentric flexion/concentric extension ratio in the right hip compared to the left, with values of 2.58 for the right and 2.25 for the left. Aerobic fitness is essential for trail running performance. Ventilatory thresholds and HRV, together with SmO2, may be useful tools for monitoring muscle fatigue. The observed muscle strength imbalances between limbs highlight the importance of training for strength symmetry to maximise performance and reduce the risk of injury. Future studies on muscle oxygenation, respiratory function and muscle asymmetries may improve training strategies in TR. © 2025 ARD Asociación Española.
  • No hay miniatura disponible
    Ítem
    Morpho-functional characterization of an elite Chilean mountain runner: Insights from a high-performance case study
    (Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025) Nieto-Jiménez, Claudio; Martin, Eduardo Baez-San; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
    Trail running (TR) is an endurance sport practised on irregular natural terrain with significant elevation changes. The aim was to analyse cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, bilateral body composition and maximal strength profiles in the lower limbs of elite Chilean trail runners. A 26-year-old Chilean amateur ultra trail runner was studied (body weight: 62.3 kg, height: 1.71 m, BMI: 21.2 kg/m2, lean mass: 54 kg (86.6%), muscle mass: 30.3 kg (48.6%), fat mass: 8.3 kg (13.3%) and a skeletal muscle mass index of 7.5 kg/m2). The subject participated in three laboratory sessions: 1) anthropometric and pulmonary measurements, 2) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with heart rate variability (HRV) assessment, and 3) isometric and isokinetic lower limb strength assessment. During the CPET, VO2max, ventilatory and HRV thresholds were measured using the DFA a1 algorithm. Quadriceps muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was also recorded. The runner presented a VO2max of 75 ml/kg/min. SmO2 values during CPET were 67.2% at rest, 38.5% at VT1, 26.8% at VT2 and 17.2% at VO2max. The results showed that the first heart rate variability threshold (HRVT1) coincided with the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Isometric and isokinetic evaluation revealed a higher eccentric flexion/concentric extension ratio in the right hip compared to the left, with values of 2.58 for the right and 2.25 for the left. Aerobic fitness is essential for trail running performance. Ventilatory thresholds and HRV, together with SmO2, may be useful tools for monitoring muscle fatigue. The observed muscle strength imbalances between limbs highlight the importance of training for strength symmetry to maximise performance and reduce the risk of injury. Future studies on muscle oxygenation, respiratory function and muscle asymmetries may improve training strategies in TR. © 2025 ARD Asociación Española.
  • No hay miniatura disponible
    Ítem
    Muscle Oxygen Extraction during Vascular Occlusion Test in Physically Very Active versus Inactive Healthy Men: A Comparative Study
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-06) Tuesta, Marcelo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Vásquez-Bonilla, Aldo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Alvear-Órdenes, Ildefonso
    An increase in the delivery and use of oxygen to the musculature in physically active subjects are determinants of improving health-related aerobic capacity. Additional health benefits, such as an increase in the muscle mass and a decrease in fat mass, principally in the legs, could be achieved with weekly global physical activity levels of more than 300 min. The objective was to compare the muscle vascular and metabolic profiles of physically very active and inactive subjects. Twenty healthy men participated in the study; ten were assigned to the physically very active group (25.5 ± 4.2 years; 72.7 ± 8.1 kg; 173.7 ± 7.6 cm) and ten to the physically inactive group (30.0 ± 7.4 years; 74.9 ± 11.8 kg; 173.0 ± 6.4 cm). The level of physical activity was determined by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). A resting vascular occlusion test (5 min of an ischemic phase and 3 min of a reperfusion phase) was used, whereas a near-field infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device was used to evaluate the muscle oxygenation in the right vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle. The area under the curve of the deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) during the ischemic phase and above the curve of the tissue saturation index (TSI) during the reperfusion phase were obtained to determine muscle metabolic and vascular responses, respectively. Physically very active group showed a higher absolute HHb (3331.9 ± 995.7 vs. 6182.7 ± 1632.5 mmol/s) and lower TSI (7615.0 ± 1111.9 vs. 5420.0 ± 781.4 %/s) and relative to body weight (46.3 ± 14.6 vs. 84.4 ± 27.1 mmol/s/kg and 106.0 ± 20.6 vs. 73.6 ± 13.8 %/s/kg, respectively), muscle mass (369.9 ± 122.2 vs. 707.5 ± 225.8 mmol/kg and 829.7 ± 163.4 vs. 611.9 ± 154.2 %/s/kg) and fat mass (1760.8 ± 522.9 vs. 2981.0 ± 1239.9 mmol/s/kg and 4160.0 ± 1257.3 vs. ±2638.4 ± 994.3 %/s/kg, respectively) than physically inactive subjects. A negative correlation was observed between HHb levels and TSI (r = −0.6; p < 0.05). Physically very active men (>300 min/week) present better muscle oxidative metabolism and perfusion and perform significantly more physical activity than physically inactive subjects. Extra benefits for vascular health and muscle oxidative metabolism are achieved when a subject becomes physically very active, as recommended by the World Health Organization. In addition, a higher level of physical activity determined by GPAQ is related to better vascular function and oxidative metabolism of the main locomotor musculature, i.e., the quadriceps.