Examinando por Autor "Rojo-Ramos, Jorge"
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Ítem A Cross-Sectional Study about the Associations between Physical Activity Level, Self-Perceived Health Perception and Mental Health in Informal Caregivers of Elderly or People with Chronic Conditions in Spain(MDPI, 2022-05-01) Denche-Zamorano, Ángel; Muñoz-Bermejo, Laura; Carlos-Vivas, Jorge; Mendoza-Muñoz, María; Franco-García, Juan Manuel; Rojo-Ramos, Jorge; Vega-Muñoz, Alejandro; Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás; Barrios-Fernandez, SabinaProviding informal care for older people, or people with chronic conditions, is associated with poorer physical and mental health and reduced quality of life. This task, in many cases, often relies on the women in the immediate family. Physical activity (PA) is a tool to enhance caregivers’ physical and mental health and their quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the associations between the physical activity level (PAL), self-perceived health (SPH) and mental health (SM) and its factors (positive coping, self-esteem, and stress) by conducting a cross-sectional study by using data from in the National Health Survey 2017 (ENSE 2017), the last one before the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 2225 caregivers (866 men and 1361 women). Descriptive analysis and non-parametric statistical tests, including chi-square, the Kruskal–Wallis test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, were used. Dependence relationships were found between PAL and SPH and MH and their factors. The population groups that performed moderate or vigorous PA showed better results in both SPH and MH. Women scored worse than men in all the variables analysed. Hence, intense, or moderate PA practice may improve SPH and MH in Spanish informal caregivers, requiring the implementation of policies and programs considering the differences found between men and women in PAL, SPH, and MH. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Associations between Body Image and Self-Perceived Physical Fitness in Future Spanish Teachers(MDPI, 2022-05) Rojo-Ramos, Jorge; Gómez-Paniagua, Santiago; Carlos-Vivas, Jorge; Barrios-Fernandez, Sabina; Vega-Muñoz, Alejandro; Mañanas-Iglesias, Carlos; Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás; Adsuar, José CarmeloBody image is a complex construct related to how each person perceives their own body and how they value it. Physical fitness and physical activity are factors that can influence the perception of a better or worse body image. This study aimed to identify the potential associations between body image and physical fitness self-perception in future Spanish teachers, analysing possible sex-related differences. A total of 278 Spanish university students answered the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire and the International Fitness Scale, having an average age of 22 years, of which 40% were men and 60% were women. Nonparametric techniques (Spearman’s Rho test) were used as the data did not fit normality. The findings showed associations between body image and perceived physical fitness, confirming differences between the sexes. Correlations were found between the first three dimensions of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations and the International Fitness Scale, with sex-related differences being more significant in women than in men, and between the physical abilities self-assessed by the International Fitness Scale (except flexibility) and the dimensions of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations (except Dimension 4). Since body image influences well-being and conditions the time spent exercising, public health organisations and universities should design supports to improve master students’ body image through physical activity programmes, education and sex-specific individualised attention. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Bullying and Self-Concept, Factors Affecting the Mental Health of School Adolescents(MDPI, 2023-08) Galán-Arroyo, Carmen; Gómez-Paniagua, Santiago; Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás; Adsuar, José Carmelo; Olivares, Pedro R.; Rojo-Ramos, JorgeBullying is an aggressive and repetitive behavior, where one person or several people physically, socially, or emotionally harm a vulnerable person and provokean imbalance of power in a school setting. Several factors such as age, sex, school performance, psychological factors, and ethnicity have been associated with bullying and more are being sought. Thus, the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) analyze the differences in bullying (victimization and aggression) and self-concept (academic, social, emotional, family, and physical) with respect to sex, school location, and educational level among Spanish adolescents; (2) explore the associations of bullying and self-concept with these sociodemographic dimensions. A cross-sectional study was designed with a total of 1155 participants (between 12 and 18 years old); there were 48.8% boys and 51.2% girls, where 75.9% studied compulsory secondary education (CSE) and 24.1% Baccalaureate, and 31.9% were students from rural schools and 68.1% were from urban schools. Medium and inverse correlations were shown between victimization and self-concept at the general level, for both sexes, both types of school, and both educational stages. For the aggression dimension, the correlations with self-concept were inverse at the general level (low), in girls (low), in rural students (medium), and in compulsory secondary education students (medium). For academic self-concept and family self-concept, the associations were medium and inverse with bullying in all variables. For emotional self-concept the correlation with bullying was direct and medium in all variables; in physical self-concept, the correlations with bullying were inverse in almost all variables except in boys. Self-concept may be a protective factor for bullying and interventions should aim at adolescents building a positive multidimensional self-concept that prevents and protects them from bullying either as aggressor or victim. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem A Cross-Sectional Study on Self-Perceived Health and Physical Activity Level in the Spanish Population(MDPI, 2022) Denche-Zamorano, Ángel; Mendoza-Muñoz, María; Carlos-Vivas, Jorge; Muñoz-Bermejo, Laura; Rojo-Ramos, Jorge; Pastor-Cisneros, Raquel; Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Godoy-Cumillaf, Andrés; Barrios-Fernandez, SabinaOne-third of the Spanish population over 15 years of age did not achieve a reasonable amount of physical activity (PA) before the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to analyse the associations between the PA level (PAL) and self-perceived health (SPH) in the Spanish population aged 15–69 years during the pre-pandemic period. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 (ENSE 2017) data, with 17,777 participants. We carried out a descriptive analysis, analysed intergroup differences with non-parametric statistical tests, and calculated the Odds Ratio (OR) and Relative Risk (RR) of having a negative SPH according to PAL. In addition, correlations between PAL and SPH were studied, finding associations between them (p < 0.001). Thus, performing moderate and intense PA was related to better SPH than just walking or inactive. Weak and moderate correlations were found between PAL and SPH (p < 0.001). We also found high ORs and RRs of negative SPH as PAL decreased. Moderate and intense PA were related to positive SPH, while the risk of negative perception in inactive people was higher. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Female and Rural School Students Show More Positive Attitudes toward Disability during Physical Education Lessons(MDPI, 2022-05-02) Rojo-Ramos, Jorge; Vega-Muñoz, Alejandro; Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás; Barrios-Fernandez, SabinaPhysical education (PE) lessons offer an excellent opportunity to encourage participation and learning for students with and without disabilities. However, there are still barriers that prevent educative inclusion (EI) from being achieved, with negative attitudes being one of the major issues. This study aimed to explore students without disabilities’ attitudes toward their peers with disabilities in the second stage of Primary Education, examining possible differences according to sex (male or female) and school location (urban or rural). The Scale of Attitudes toward Students with Disabilities in Physical Education–Primary Education (SASDPE-PE), a four-item instrument with a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), was administered to 545 Spanish students aged 9 to 12 years old. The results revealed that girls and students from rural schools showed more positive attitudes toward their peers with disabilities during the PE lessons; differences were significant in both cases. Thus, according to our findings, the SASDPE-PE is a practical tool to assess attitudes, even after an attitude-change programme. Furthermore, PE attitude-change programmes should be implemented, especially considering male students and those enrolled in urban schools.Ítem Physical Education Teachers’ Perception of Teaching Effectiveness Related to Gender and Center Location in the Community of Extremadura(2023-02) Rojo-Ramos, Jorge; Mendoza-Muñoz, María; Denche-Zamorano, Ángel; Contreras-Barraza, Nicolás; Gomez-Paniagua, Santiago; Galán-Arroyo, CarmenTeacher effectiveness (TE) is defined as a set of strategies implemented by the teacher to ensure the multidimensional development of students. This effectiveness has usually been evaluated by students, department heads or parents, but not by one of the fundamental elements of the educational process, the teacher. In the current study, the aim is to understand the self-assessed teaching effectiveness of Physical Education (PE) teachers in the Community of Extremadura, finding differences according to the gender of the teacher and the location of the center. Significant differences were found in the scores of both the items and the dimensions that make up the questionnaire, regarding variables such as gender and location of the center. Similarly, we found worrying values regarding the use of technology and the evaluation of teachers and students, so these findings should serve to open new lines of action to develop measures to improve teaching effectiveness depending on the educational context. Therefore, this research is considered a first step in the analysis of the perceptions and needs of the teaching job from the point of view of a PE teacher in Extremadura. © 2023 by the authors.