Examinando por Autor "Salazar, J."

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    Disciplinary Diversity in Chilean Undergraduate Student Engagement
    (Arizona State University, 2022-05) Zapata., G.; Leihy, P.; Salazar, J.; Espinoza, D.
    There is growing interest in investigating the student experience in higher education, particularly given the considerable widening of access and, so, diversity. Chile’s Encuesta Nacional de Compromiso Estudiantil (ENCE) has been applied since 2017 by a group of universities of the Council of Rectors of the Chilean Universities (CRUCh), eliciting a battery of evidence covering the student experience. This study documents current efforts to organize information about the student experience into student engagement profiles, reported here with reference to selected undergraduate disciplines. The results of ENCE 2019 are analyzed, as applied to 9869 undergraduates in their first year and in their fourth year since commencing, in nine universities. Cluster analysis of the entire sample of students in all fields, and subsets of those respondents in the fields of Civil Engineering, Law, Medicine and Teaching, yield diverse patterns of student engagement. Further consideration follows of the current and potential use of student engagement data in Chile and other countries, and the differences across different study fields and professional traditions.
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    Gene FTO: Aspectos históricos y su relación con enfermedades crónicas no comunicables
    (Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension, 2018) Torres, M.; Bermúdez, V.; Ortiz, R.; Siguencia, W.; Prieto, C.; Añez, R.; Martínez, M.S.; Dávila, L.A.; Rojas-Gómez, D.M.; Salazar, J.; González-Casanova, J.E.; Guette, L.S.; Guillén-Burgos, H.F.; Kusmar, I.; Roque, W.; Rojas, E.; Rojas, J.
    Alteraciones en el desarrollo de la atención y la organización conductual pueden configurar cuadros clínicos como el trastorno déficit de atención (TDA) que puede estar acompañado o no de hiperactividad (TDAH), este último parece tener una relación directa con otros diagnósticos de tipo endocrino como la obesidad. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación que existe entre el TDAH y la obesidad. Es por ello que se realiza una revisión sistemática de estudios científicos revelando relaciones y diferencias entre ambos trastornos desde una mirada fisiológica, cognoscitiva y comportamental. Se concluye que la relación entre el TDAH y la obesidad se da por factores genéticos, por variaciones dopaminérgicas, cambios en patrones de sueño, desajustes emocionales y por alteraciones en la regulación de la conducta; igualmente influyen factores sociales relacionados con el cuidado en el embarazo y la alimentación de las mujeres antes y durante la gestación.
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    Microbiota and diabetes mellitus: Role of lipid mediators
    (MDPI AG, 2020-10) Salazar, J.; Angarita, L.; Morillo, V.; Navarro, C.; Martínez, M.S.; Chacín, M.; Torres, W.; Rajotia, A.; Rojas, M.; Cano, C.; Añez, R.; Rojas, J.
    Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an inflammatory clinical entity with different mechanisms involved in its physiopathology. Among these, the dysfunction of the gut microbiota stands out. Currently, it is understood that lipid products derived from the gut microbiota are capable of interacting with cells from the immune system and have an immunomodulatory effect. In the presence of dysbiosis, the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) increases, favoring damage to the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory environment prevails, and a state of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is present. Conversely, during eubiosis, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is fundamental for the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal barrier as well as for immunogenic tolerance and appetite/satiety perception, leading to a protective effect. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that alterations or dysregulation of the gut microbiota can be reversed by modifying the eating habits of the patients or with the administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics. Similarly, different studies have demonstrated that drugs like Metformin are capable of modifying the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting changes in the biosynthesis of LPS, and the metabolism of SCFA. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    Riders and foundlings: a taxonomy of the traditional universities of regional Chile
    (Universidad Austral de Chile, 2022) Leihy, P.; Salazar, J.
    This analysis examines the present and future of the “traditional” universities of regional Chile – the members of the Council of University Rectors beyond Santiago. Departing from a previous study of the state universities, the manuscript reviews and distills signal features (regionality, tradition, and ambition) of a broader range of institutions. The scheme allows a new classification of these institutions within eight distinctive groups. It becomes possible to conceptualise their present and future while opening new avenues to support their development through public policy.
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    Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis
    (MDPI, 2022-03) Salazar, J.; Pirela, D.; Nava, M.; Castro, A.; Angarita, L.; Parra, H.; Durán-Agüero, S.; Rojas-Gómez, D.; Galbán, N.; Añez, R.; Chacín, M.; Diaz, A.; Villasmil, N.; De Sanctis, J.; Bermúdez, V.
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health issue due to its high morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. The implementation of innovative therapeutic alternatives for CVD is urgently required. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are bioactive compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, integrated into four families: Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins. SPMs have generated interest in recent years due to their ability to promote the resolution of inflammation associated with the pathogeneses of numerous illnesses, particularly CVD. Several preclinical studies in animal models have evidenced their ability to decrease the progression of atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and reperfusion injury via diverse mechanisms. Large-scale clinical trials are required to determine the effects of SPMs in humans. This review integrates the currently available knowledge of the therapeutic impact of SPMs in CVD from preclinical and clinical studies, along with the implicated molecular pathways. In vitro results have been promising, and as such, SPMs could soon represent a new therapeutic alternative for CVD.