Examinando por Autor "Tapia, F."

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    Assessing the importance of domestic vaccine manufacturing centers: An overview of immunization programs, vaccine manufacture, and distribution
    (Frontiers Media, 2018-01) Rey-Jurado, E.; Tapia, F.; Muñoz-Durango, N.; Lay, M.K.; Carreño, L.J.; Riedel, C.A.; Bueno, S.M.; Genzel, Y.; Kalergis, A.M.
    Vaccines have significantly reduced the detrimental effects of numerous human infectious diseases worldwide, helped to reduce drastically child mortality rates and even achieved eradication of major pathogens, such as smallpox. These achievements have been possible due to a dedicated effort for vaccine research and development, as well as an effective transfer of these vaccines to public health care systems globally. Either public or private institutions have committed to developing and manufacturing vaccines for local or international population supply. However, current vaccine manufacturers worldwide might not be able to guarantee sufficient vaccine supplies for all nations when epidemics or pandemics events could take place. Currently, different countries produce their own vaccine supplies under Good Manufacturing Practices, which include the USA, Canada, China, India, some nations in Europe and South America, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, France, Argentina, and Brazil, respectively. Here, we discuss some of the vaccine programs and manufacturing capacities, comparing the current models of vaccine management between industrialized and developing countries. Because local vaccine production undoubtedly provides significant benefits for the respective population, the manufacture capacity of these prophylactic products should be included in every country as a matter of national safety.
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    Characterization of the hydrothermal system of the Tinguiririca Volcanic Complex, Central Chile, using structural geology and passive seismic tomography
    (Elsevier, 2016-01) Pavez, C.; Tapia, F.; Comte, D.; Gutiérrez, F.; Lira, E.; Charrier, R.; Benavente, O.
    A structural characterization of the hydrothermal–volcanic field associated with the Tinguiririca Volcanic Com plex had been performed by combining passive seismic tomography and structural geology. This complex corre sponds to a 20 km long succession of N25°E oriented of eruptive centers, currently showing several thermal manifestations distributed throughout the area. The structural behavior of this zone is controlled by the El Fierro–El Diablo fault system, corresponding to a high angle reverse faults of Oligocene–Miocene age. In this area, a temporary seismic network with 16 short-period stations was setup from January to April of 2010, in the context of the MSc thesis of Lira (2010), covering an area of 200 km2 that corresponds with the hydrothermal field of Tinguiririca Volcanic Complex (TVC), Central Chile, Southern Central Andes. Using P- and S- wave arrival times, a 3D seismic velocity tomography was performed. The preliminary locations of 2270 earthquakes have first been determined using an a priori 1D velocity model. Afterwards, a joint inversion of both, the 3D velocity model and final locations have been obtained. High Vp/Vs ratios are interpreted as zones with high hot fluid con tent and high fracturing. Meanwhile, low Vp/Vs anomalies could represent the magmatic reservoir and the con duit network associated to the fluid mobility. Based on structural information and thermal manifestations, these anomalies have been interpreted. In order to visualize the relation between local geology and the velocity model, the volume associated with the magma reservoir and the fluid circulation network has been delimited using an iso-value contour of Vp/Vs equal to 1.70. The most prominent observed feature in the obtained model is a large “V” shaped low-velocity anomaly extending along the entire study region and having the same vergency and ori entation as the existing high-angle inverse faults, which corroborates that El Fierro–El Diablo fault system repre sents the local control for fluid mobility. This geometry coincides with surface hydrothermal manifestations and with available geochemical information of the area, which allowed us to generate a conceptual model of fluid cir culation in the volcanic–hydrothermal system as well as define the location of the magmatic reservoir. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved