Examinando por Autor "Thomas, Mario"

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  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Antifungal activity of eugenol derivatives against Botrytis cinerea
    (MDPI, 2019-03) Olea, Andrés F.; Bravo, Angelica; Martínez, Rolando; Thomas, Mario; Sedan, Claudia; Espinoza, Luis; Zambrano, Elisabeth; Carvajal, Denisse; Silva-Moreno, Evelyn; Carrasco, Héctor
    Botrytis cinerea is a worldwide spread fungus that causes the grey mold disease, which is considered the most important factor in postharvest losses in fresh fruit crops. Consequently, the control of gray mold is a matter of current and relevant interest for agricultural industries. In this work, a series of phenylpropanoids derived from eugenol were synthesized and characterized. Their effects on the mycelial growth of a virulent and multi-resistant isolate of B. cinerea (PN2) have been evaluated and IC50 values for the most active compounds range between 31–95 ppm. The antifungal activity exhibited by these compounds is strongly related to their chemical structure, i.e., increasing activity has been obtained by isomerization of the double bond or introduction of a nitro group on the aromatic ring. Based on the relationship between the fungicide activities and chemical structure, a mechanism of action is proposed. Finally, the activity of these compounds is higher than that reported for the commercial fungicide BC-1000 that is currently employed to combat this disease. Thus, our results suggest that these compounds are potential candidates to be used in the design of new and effective control with inspired natural compounds of this pathogen. © 2019 by the authors.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Synthesis and in vitro growth inhibition of 2-allylphenol derivatives against Phythopthora cinnamomi rands
    (MDPI AG, 2019-11) Olea, Andrés F.; Espinoza, Luis; Sedan, Claudia; Thomas, Mario; Martínez, Rolando; Mellado, Marco; Carrasco, Héctor; Díaz, Katy
    Phytophthora cinnamomi is a phytopathogen that causes extensive damage in different crops, and therefore, produces important economic losses all around the world. Chemical fungicides are a key factor for the control of this disease. However, ecological and environmental considerations, as well as the appearance of strains that are resistant to commercial fungicides, have prompted the quest for new antifungal agents which are of low ecological impact. In this work, a series of new 2-allylphenol derivatives was synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, and MS. Some of the synthesized compounds, more specifically nitro derivatives, exhibit strong growth inhibition of P. cinnamomi with EC50 as low as 10.0 μg/mL. This level of activity is similar to that exhibited by METALAXYL MZ 58 WP, a commonly-used commercial fungicide; therefore, these compounds might be of agricultural interest due to their potential use as fungicides against P. cinnamomi. The results indicate that this activity depends on the chemical structures of the 2-allylphenol derivatives, and that it is strongly enhanced in molecules where nitro and hydroxyl groups adopt a -para configuration. These effects are discussed in terms of the electronic distribution of the aromatic ring induced by substituent groups. © 2019 by the authors.