Examinando por Autor "Thomson, Pamela"
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Ítem Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Isolates from the Uterus of Healthy Mares(MDPI, 2023-09) Thomson, Pamela; García, Patricia; Río, Camila del; Castro, Rodrigo; Núñez, Andrea; Miranda, CarolinaAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing concern for human and animal health. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolates from the uterus of healthy mares. For this purpose, 21 mares were swabbed for samples, which were later seeded on blood agar and MacConkey agar. The isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF and the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby–Bauer technique. To characterize the resistance genes, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) scheme was performed. Of the isolates identified as Gram-negative, 68.8% were Enterobacterales, represented by E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae; 28.1% belonged to the genus Acinetobacter spp.; and 3.1% to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A 9.3% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), presenting resistance to antibiotics from three different classes, while 18.8% presented resistance to two or more classes of different antibiotics. The diversity of three genes that code for ESBL (blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV) was detected in 12.5% of the strains. The most frequent was blaSHV, while blaTEM and blaCTX-M were present in Citrobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These results are an alarm call for veterinarians and their environment and suggest taking measures to prevent the spread of these microorganisms.Ítem Characterization of microbial communities and predicted metabolic pathways in the uterus of healthy mares(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, 2022) Thomson, Pamela; Pareja, Josefina; Núñez, Andrea; Santibáñez, Rodrigo; Castro, RodrigoBackground: Culture-independent techniques have made it possible to expand the knowledge about the composition of bacterial communities present in the healthy uterus and their role in health and disease, mainly in humans. However, in animals like mares, there is a dearth of information regarding this area. Aim: To narrow this knowledge gap, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize the composition and function of the uterine microbiome of a group of Chilean purebred mares (CPM), an equine breed with the oldest genealogical record in South America and an economical important reproductive industry. Methods: From uterine biopsy samples obtained during estrus, DNA extraction and targeted sequencing were performed to investigate the bacterial diversity and its probable metabolic function. Results: CPM biopsy samples were characterized by having a varied microbial composition, where the four most relatively abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (69.6%), Firmicutes (21.1%), Bacteroidetes (7.8%), and Actinobacteria (1.06%); which made up 99.6% of the total identified phyla. In contrast, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were the phyla not identified in all samples. Of a total of 59 genera identified across all samples, Staphylococcus was the most abundant genus with an average relative abundance of 18.88%, followed by Pseudomonas (17.9%), Escherichia/ Shigella (10.42%), and Klebsiella (9.92%). Conclusion: These findings contribute to the knowledge of microbes' presence in the uterus, while future studies are required to demonstrate the role of these microorganisms in health and disease. © 2022, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.Ítem Differences in the composition and predicted functions of the intestinal microbiome of obese and normal weight adult dogs(PeerJ Inc., 2022-02) Thomson, Pamela; Santibáñez, Rodrigo; Rodríguez-Salas, Camila; Flores-Yañez, Carla; Garrido, DanielObesity is a multifactorial nutritional disorder highly prevalent in dogs, observed in developed and developing countries. It is estimated that over 40% of the canine population suffers from obesity, which manifests in an increased risk of chronic osteoarticular, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. The intestinal microbiome of obese animals shows increases in the abundance of certain members capable of extracting energy from complex polysaccharides. The objective of this study was to compare the composition and predicted function of the intestinal microbiome of Chilean obese and normal weight adult dogs. Twenty clinically healthy dogs were classified according to their body condition score (BCS) as obese (n = 10) or normal weight (n = 10). DNA was extracted from stool samples, followed by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 region and bioinformatics analysis targeting microbiome composition and function. Significant differences were observed between these groups at the phylum level, with anincrease in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes in obese dogs. Microbiome compositions of these animals correlated with their BCS, and obese dogs showed enrichment in pathways related to transport, chemotaxis, and flagellar assembly. These results highlight the differences in the gut microbiome between normal weight and obese dogs and prompt further research to improve animal health by modulating the gut microbiome. Copyright 2022 Thomson et al.Ítem Sporotrichosis Outbreak Due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Domestic Cats in Magallanes, Chile: A One-Health-Approach Study(MDPI, 2023-02) Thomson, Pamela; González, Carlos; Blank, Olivia; Ramírez, Valentina; Río, Camila del; Santibáñez, Sebastián; Pena, PamelaSporotrichosis is an implantation mycosis with subcutaneo-lymphatic or, more rarely, a viscerally disseminated affection; it can be acquired through traumatic percutaneous inoculation of the fungus present in soil or plant matter, or by feline scratching. Among the causative agents, Sporothrix brasiliensis is considered the most virulent species with a high prevalence in Brazil and recently in Argentina. Objective: To describe a S. brasiliensis outbreak in domestic and feral cats detected in the Magallanes region of southern Chile. Materials and Methods: Between the months of July and September 2022, three cats presented with suppurative subcutaneous lesions located mainly on the head and thoracic limbs. The cytology revealed the presence of yeasts with morphological characteristics suggestive of Sporothrix spp. The histopathology confirmed pyogranulomatous subcutaneous lesions associated with the presence of the same yeasts. The fungal culture followed by the partial gene sequence and analysis of the ITS region confirmed the diagnosis of the S. brasiliensis as the causative agent. The cats were treated with itraconazole associated in one case with potassium iodide. The evolution of the patients was favorable in all cases. Conclusions: An outbreak caused by S. brasiliensis was detected in domestic and feral cats in austral Chile. The correct identification of this fungus and antifungigram is essential for treatment decisions and for designing dissemination control and prevention programs under a one health approach that consider the health of people, animals, and the environment. © 2023 by the authors.