Examinando por Autor "de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo"
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Ítem Analysis of speeds in the 400-meter hurdles and gender differences: A study from the Paris 2024 Olympics(Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025-04) de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Muñoz-Strale, Catalina; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Duclos-Bastias, Daniel; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Bonilla, Diego A.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Valdivia-Moral, PedroBackground/objectives. This study aims to analyse the speed differences between men and women in the 400 meters during the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. Average speeds in each segment of the race were evaluated, highlighting gender variations and performance across the different rounds of the competition. Methods. A descriptive observational study was conducted using data from 208 athletes (50% women). Average speeds per 50-meter segments were analysed across all rounds (heats, semifinals, and final), applying Student's t-tests to compare results between genders. The significance level was set at p <.05. Results. The average speeds showed significant differences between sexes in all segments of the race (p <.05). The largest difference was observed in the first 150 meters, where men outpaced women by a margin of 0.97 km/h. By 250 meters, the difference decreased to 0.43 km/h. In the final rounds, the winners reached maximum speeds of 36.87 km/h (men) and 32.48 km/h (women). Conclusion. Men exhibit a biomechanical advantage in the race's early stages, while both sexes strategically adjust their pacing in the final rounds. These findings suggest that gender differences in performance are linked to both physiological and biomechanical fact ors. © 2025 ARD Asociación Española.Ítem Analysis of speeds in the 400-meter hurdles and gender differences: A study from the Paris 2024 Olympics(Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025) de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Muñoz-Strale, Catalina; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Duclos-Bastias, Daniel; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Bonilla, Diego A.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Valdivia-Moral, PedroBackground/objectives. This study aims to analyse the speed differences between men and women in the 400 meters during the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. Average speeds in each segment of the race were evaluated, highlighting gender variations and performance across the different rounds of the competition. Methods. A descriptive observational study was conducted using data from 208 athletes (50% women). Average speeds per 50-meter segments were analysed across all rounds (heats, semifinals, and final), applying Student's t-tests to compare results between genders. The significance level was set at p <.05. Results. The average speeds showed significant differences between sexes in all segments of the race (p <.05). The largest difference was observed in the first 150 meters, where men outpaced women by a margin of 0.97 km/h. By 250 meters, the difference decreased to 0.43 km/h. In the final rounds, the winners reached maximum speeds of 36.87 km/h (men) and 32.48 km/h (women). Conclusion. Men exhibit a biomechanical advantage in the race's early stages, while both sexes strategically adjust their pacing in the final rounds. These findings suggest that gender differences in performance are linked to both physiological and biomechanical fact ors. © 2025 ARD Asociación EspañolaÍtem Analysis of speeds in the 400-meter hurdles and gender differences: A study from the Paris 2024 Olympics(Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 2025-04-01) de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Muñoz-Strale, Catalina; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Duclos-Bastias, Daniel; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Bonilla, Diego A.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Valdivia-Moral, PedroThis study aims to analyse the speed differences between men and women in the 400 meters during the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. Average speeds in each segment of the race were evaluated, highlighting gender variations and performance across the different rounds of the competition. Methods. A descriptive observational study was conducted using data from 208 athletes (50% women). Average speeds per 50-meter segments were analysed across all rounds (heats, semifinals, and final), applying Student's t-tests to compare results between genders. The significance level was set at p <.05. Results. The average speeds showed significant differences between sexes in all segments of the race (p <.05). The largest difference was observed in the first 150 meters, where men outpaced women by a margin of 0.97 km/h. By 250 meters, the difference decreased to 0.43 km/h. In the final rounds, the winners reached maximum speeds of 36.87 km/h (men) and 32.48 km/h (women). Conclusion. Men exhibit a biomechanical advantage in the race's early stages, while both sexes strategically adjust their pacing in the final rounds. These findings suggest that gender differences in performance are linked to both physiological and biomechanical fact ors.Ítem Anthropometric Similarities and Differences in Children of Aymara and Non-Aymara Descent in Northern Chile: Implications for Health and Development(Universidad de la Frontera, 2023-10) Barrio-Mateu, Luis A.; León-Valladares, Dayneri; de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cordero-Rodríguez, Yaiza; Borges-Silva, Fernanda; Ponce, Ernesto; Ponce, Daniel; Ponce, MurielThis study aims to assess the nutritional status of Aymara and non-Aymara children in Arica, comparing anthropometric measurements of boys and girls aged 4-10 to inform interventions for child health and development. We conducted a non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional study in Arica, Chile. The sample included 458 children, with equal representation of Aymara and non-Aymara children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Trained research assistants collected anthropometric data using standardized techniques. IBM SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis, including Student's t-test and the Levene test. Both Aymara and non-Aymara children showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Boys had a meso-endomorph somatotype, while girls had an endomorph somatotype. Among 8-year-olds, non-Aymara children had a slightly higher mean body weight (35.87, SD 4.50) compared to Aymara children (32.27, SD 4.31), but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, 10-year-old Aymara girls had a significantly higher mean body mass index (22.34, SD 4.21) than non-Aymara girls (20.10, SD 3.58) (p=0.05). Regarding body fat percentage, 10-year-old non-Aymara girls had a slightly higher mean (31.01, SD 5.64) than Aymara girls (26.12, SD 5.63), but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The study found high levels of overweight and obesity in children from northern Chile, increasing with age for both Aymara and non-Aymara groups. The somatotype patterns were consistent across both groups. Although the differences between Aymara and non-Aymara children were not statistically significant, the Aymara group showed slightly higher levels of overweight and obesity. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these results and identify potential trends. Efforts should focus on promoting healthy nutrition and physical activity to address the growing problem of overweight and obesity in this region. © 2023, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.Ítem Chile's strategic sports funding: a 18-year retrospective (2006-2024)(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2025-02) de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Muñoz-Strale, Catalina; Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Duclos-Bastias, Daniel; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Valdivia-Moral, PedroTo analyze the distribution and evolution of sports investment in Chile during the 2006-2024 period, focusing on how these resources have been allocated to different sports disciplines and regions of the country, and their impact on sports development. Method: Quantitative and descriptive study based on data provided by the National Institute of Sports of Chile. The study analyzed funding requests, and the investment received by each sport and region, using descriptive statistical techniques to identify trends over time. Both traditional and emerging sports were included, and a comparative analysis between regions was conducted. Results: The Metropolitan Region was the primary recipient of funds, concentrating a significant portion of the total investment. Soccer led the requests with a total of 2,078 applications and over 12 billion USD in investment, followed by tennis with 1,518 applications and over 11 billion USD. A notable increase in investment was observed in 2023, linked to the preparation for the Pan American Games in Santiago and the 2024 Olympics. However, other emerging disciplines showed lower participation in funding requests. Conclusion: Sports investment in Chile has shown significant growth, particularly in popular sports and in the Metropolitan Region. However, there is a need for more equitable support for less traditional disciplines and regions with less access to resources, to promote more inclusive sports development across the countryÍtem Hydration Strategies and Body Composition Differences in Male and Female Elite Bodybuilders During Competition(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Giakoni-Ramírez, Frano; Muñoz-Strale, Catalina; de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Aránguiz Dote, Luis; López-Gil, José Francisco; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoAbstract Background: Body composition and hydration status, particularly the balance between intracellular (ICW) and extracellular (ECW) water compartments, are critical factors influencing performance and aesthetics in competitive bodybuilding. Despite their significance, limited research has explored sex-based differences in hydration strategies and their impact on competitive outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize and compare ICW and ECW distribution, as well as their relationship with key physiological parameters, between male and female elite bodybuilders during an international competition. Methods: A total of 34 elite bodybuilders (18 males and 16 females) participated in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The parameters evaluated included total body water, ICW, ECW, and phase angle (PhA). Differences between sexes were analyzed using Student’s t-tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Significant sex-based differences were observed in water compartment distribution. Male bodybuilders exhibited higher ICW values (33.1 ± 2.8 L vs. 25.7 ± 2.5 L; p < 0.001) and PhA (8.2 ± 0.7 vs. 7.0 ± 0.9; p < 0.05), indicating greater muscle mass and cell integrity. In contrast, females had a higher ECW-to-total body water ratio (42.7% vs. 39.5%; p < 0.05), likely influenced by hormonal and metabolic factors. These findings suggest that sex-specific physiological characteristics should be considered when developing hydration and competition strategies. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of sex-specific approaches to hydration and body composition management in bodybuilding. The observed differences in ICW and ECW distributions underscore the need for individualized training, nutrition, and hydration strategies to optimize competitive performance while maintaining athlete health. Future research should focus on longitudinal assessments to better understand hydration dynamics across different stages of competition preparation. © 2025 by the authorsÍtem Physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour according to sex, age, BMI, academic year, and country among medical students in Latin America(BMC Public Health, Volume 24, Issue 1 December 2024 Article number 1699, 2024-12) Herreros-Irarrázabal, Diego; Herreros-Irarrázabal D.; González-López, María Fernanda; Nuche-Salgado, Rocío; de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Mahecha-Matsudo, SandraPhysical inactivity represents a global challenge in public health, being the second most significant factor contributing to mortality. In Latin America, the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour is notable, affecting medical students as well, who play a crucial role as behavioural role models for the population. This study addresses the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among medical students in Latin America during the year 2023. A total of 864 participants from 12 institutions across eight countries were surveyed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Significant variations in physical activity and sedentary behaviour were observed according to sex, age, body mass index, academic year, and country. Notably, Costa Rica exhibited the highest levels of moderate physical activity in leisure time (90 min/day). Strength training was more common among men (60 min/day) and in Argentina (60 min/day). Sedentary behaviour was higher in women (420 min/day) and during the first academic year (485 min/day). Uruguay stood out with high levels of sedentary behaviour (600 min/day). Correlations indicated positive moderate associations between academic year and moderate leisure-time PA (r:0,128, p:0,007). In conclusion, there are associations between the level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the variables studied in this research, with the main findings being that the female sex has more time spent in sedentary behaviour (minutes/day) and less time spent in strength training (minutes/day). Additionally, there are higher levels of sedentary behaviour in the early years of medical study compared to the later years of the program. © The Author(s) 2024Ítem Use of self-organizing maps for the classification of cardiometabolic risk and physical fitness in adolescents(Routledge, 2024) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Olivares, Rodrigo; Ravelo, Camilo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio; de Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Reyes-Amigo, Tomás; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; Páez-Herrera, Jacqueline; Mahecha-Matsudo, Sandra; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente JavierThis study aimed to automatically classify physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk in a Chilean adolescent using self-organizing maps. This cross-sectional study analysed a nationally representative database from the Physical Education Quality Measurement System (n = 7197). Physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk variables were derived from anthropometric indicators. Self-Organizing maps (SOM) were employed to identify participant profiles based on an unsupervised predictive model. After implementing and training the SOM, a detailed analysis of the generated maps was conducted to interpret the revealed relationships and clusters. The analysis resulted in three classification groups, categorizing the sample into low, moderate, and high-risk levels. Students with better physical fitness exhibited lower cardiometabolic risk levels and a lower body mass index. SOM, through an unsupervised model, is a reliable tool for classifying cardiometabolic risk and physical fitness in adolescents. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.