ISP - Artículos de Revista

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Examinando ISP - Artículos de Revista por Materia "Chile"

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    Ítem
    Decentralization Can Improve Equity, but Can It Be Sustained?
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022-06) Bossert, T.; Lenz, R.; Guerrero, R.; Miranda, R.; Soto Rojas, V.; Maldonado Vargas, N.
    A major theoretical issue about health system reform involving decentralization has been whether it promotes equity of health system funding. An article by the principal author and others in 2003 showed that, under certain conditions and policies, decentralization improved the equity of allocation of financial resources to different income levels of municipalities in Colombia and Chile. Another recurring issue has been whether reforms can be sustained over time. In a follow-up study in 2015, we found that the equity of national allocations was sustained even though the allocation rules for intergovernmental transfers and insurance funding sources had changed, as long as per capita allocation rules were retained. Nevertheless, the wealthier municipalities in Chile were able to increase their own source funding contributing to a larger gap between wealthy and poor municipalities, suggesting that in order to assure continued equity some compensation for these funds be included in intergovernmental transfer rules or that local source funding be restricted by national policy. These reforms may be more likely to be sustained if they become embedded in existing financial systems and if they receive support of status quo constituencies.
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    Ítem
    Health-related quality of life in women aged 20-64 years with urinary incontinence
    (Institute for Ionics, 2023-07) Ramírez, Julieta Aránguiz; Tirado, Pedro Olivares; Samur, Carlos Sandaña; Gamboa, Carolina Vidal; Oliveres, Xavier Castells
    Introduction and hypothesis: Urinary incontinence (UI) in women is a frequent and invisible clinical situation that affects several aspects in the lives of patients. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of urinary incontinence on different dimensions of quality of life. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. The sample brings together 381 women living in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, who answered a survey between June 2020 and June 2021, with questions about the sociodemographic situation, obstetric history and the EQ5D-3L questionnaire Chilean version and urinary incontinence variables. For the analysis of association between variables were used a correlation coefficient and logistic regressions. Results: The mean age of the sample was 39.9 (SD: 12.6) years, with 68.5% of multiparous women and 42.5% had a history of vaginal delivery. Fifty percent of the respondents belong to a medium-high socioeconomic level according to the health insurance proxy. The analysis adjusted for age, health insurance and obstetrics variables showed that women with a frequency of moderate/severe urine loss had a 72% greater probability of suffering from moderate/severe pain/discomfort compared to women with nothing/little urine loss. In turn, the self-perception of affectation of urine loss was significantly associated with problems in the dimensions of mobility, anxiety/depression and health status. Conclusions: This research contributes with evidence that makes visible the affectation on physical and psychological dimensions in women with urinary incontinence, allowing decision-makers to prioritize resources and design health programs that include clinical management. © 2022, The International Urogynecological Association.
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    Ítem
    Temporal trends and factors associated with preterm birth in Chile, 1992-2018
    (Universidad Nacional de Lanos, 2023) Toro-Huerta, Carol; Vidal, Carolina; Araya-Castillo, Luis
    An analytical study based on Chilean birth records obtained from the Department of Statistics and Health Information (DEIS) was conducted. This study aimed to evaluate temporal trends in preterm births by maternal age in Chile from 1990 to 2018. Results show that the preterm birth rate in 1992 was 5.0% and increased to 7.2% in 2018. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was 1.44. Age groups at the extremes (19 and under and 35 and over) presented the highest rates of preterm birth, both at the beginning and at the end of the study period. The latter group showed a smaller decrease at the beginning (1992 to 1995), with an annual percentage change (APC) of -3.00. The probability of preterm birth in both groups was higher compared to the 20-34 year old group. Although Chile boasts some of the best maternal and child health indicators in the region, repercussions associated with the current postponement of maternity – including preterm birth – must be monitored. © This work is under Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.