Comparison of human and southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) health risks for infection with protozoa in nearshore waters

dc.contributor.authorAdell, A.D.
dc.contributor.authorMcBride, G.
dc.contributor.authorWuertz, S.
dc.contributor.authorConrad, P.A.
dc.contributor.authorSmith, W.A.
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-29T16:42:04Z
dc.date.available2023-08-29T16:42:04Z
dc.date.issued2016-11
dc.descriptionIndexación: Scopus.es
dc.description.abstractCryptosporidium and Giardia spp. are waterborne, fecally-transmitted pathogens that cause economic loss due to gastroenteritis and beach closures. We applied quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to determine the health risks for humans and sea otters due to waterborne exposure of Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. when swimming in three types of surface waters: river, stormwater and wastewater effluent during the wet and dry seasons in the central coast of California. This is the first application of QMRA to estimate both the probability of infection in Southern sea otters and the probability of illness in humans, using microbial source tracking (MST) as a variable. Children swimming close to stormwater discharges had an estimated Cryptosporidium-associated illness probability that exceeded the accepted U.S. EPA criteria (32 illnesses/1000 swimmers or 3.2%). Based on the assumption that sea otters are as susceptible as humans to Cryptosporidium infection, the infection probabilities were close to 2% and 16% when sea otters were swimming at the end of points of rivers and stormwater discharges, respectively. In the case of Giardia, infection probabilities of 11% and 23% were estimated for sea otters swimming at the end of point of wastewater discharges, assuming that sea otters are as susceptible as gerbils and humans, respectively. The results of this QMRA suggest that 1) humans and sea otters are at risk when swimming at outflow sites for rivers, stormwater and treated wastewater effluent; 2) reduced loads of viable pro tozoan cysts and oocysts in recreational water can lessen the probability of infection of humans and sea otters; and 3) the risk of infection of humans and sea otters can be reduced with the treatment of wastewater to decrease oocyst and cyst viability before effluent is released into the sea. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.es
dc.identifier.citationWater Research. Open Access. Volume 104, Pages 220 - 230. 1 November 2016es
dc.identifier.issn0043-1354
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/handle/ria/52890
dc.language.isoenes
dc.publisherElsevier Ltdes
dc.subjectZoonoseses
dc.subjectQMRAes
dc.subjectBacteroidaleses
dc.subjectWastewateres
dc.subjectStormwateres
dc.subjectRecreational Wateres
dc.titleComparison of human and southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) health risks for infection with protozoa in nearshore waterses
dc.typeArtículoes
Archivos
Bloque original
Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
Adell_Comparison_of_human_and_southern_sea_2016.pdf
Tamaño:
1.25 MB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Descripción:
TEXTO COMPLETO EN INGLÉS
Bloque de licencias
Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
No hay miniatura disponible
Nombre:
license.txt
Tamaño:
1.71 KB
Formato:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Descripción: