Alimentación y relaciones tróficas del pez espada (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758), frente a Chile centro-norte durante 2005
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2009
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es
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Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Se analizaron 126 estómagos de pez espada (Xiphias gladius), capturados entre los 25° y 34°S y 78° y 90°W, por barcos palangreros de la pesquería industrial frente a Chile centro-norte. Del total de estómagos analizados, 54 se encontraron vacíos (42,9%) y 72 (57,1%) presentaron sus estómagos con contenidos, de estos últimos la proporción sexual correspondió a 32 machos (44,4%), 37 hembras (51,4%o) y 3 indeterminados (4,2%o). Para el análisis de contenidos estomacales se utilizaron los métodos numéricos, de frecuencia, gravimétricos e índice de importancia relativa (IIR). Los cefalópodos fueron el alimento principal (%IIR > 90), mientras que los peces aparecen como alimento secundario (%IIR < 4). El cefalópodo Dosidicus gigas fue la presa principal (%IIR = 85,1). No se encontró diferencia significativa entre la alimentación por sexos ({/= 81; p = 0,4862, p < 0,05). Los análisis de conglomerados revelaron que los contenidos estomacales son más similares en otoño e invierno que en primavera; mientras que entre los distintos grupos de tallas el grupo I aparece como distinto del resto de las tallas, y los estómagos analizados provenientes de la zona 3 serían más diferentes que el resto de las áreas estudiadas.
A total of 126 sword-fish (Xiphias gladius) stomach were analyzed. The stomachs were obtained from specimens captured within the 25° to 34°S and 78° to 90°W área, by industrial longline vessels. Only 72 (57.1%) of the total stomach had food ítems in their stomachs, whit a sex proportion of 32 males (44.4%o), 37 females (51.4%) and 3 indeterminate (4.2%). Traditional methods for the stomach contents analysis such as the numeric, frequency of occurrence, gravimetric and índex of relative importance (IRI) were used. Cephalopods were the main food ítems (%IIR > 90) followed by the fishes (%IIR < 4). The squid (Dosidicus gigas) was the principal food in this study (%IIR = 85.1). No significant differences were found between the feeding of males and females of swordfishes (U = 81; p = 0.4862, p < 0.05). A cluster analysis showed higher stomach contents similarity between fall and winter than those from spring, within the size groups the I group was different than others and finally, the feeding from zone 3 were different from others zones.
A total of 126 sword-fish (Xiphias gladius) stomach were analyzed. The stomachs were obtained from specimens captured within the 25° to 34°S and 78° to 90°W área, by industrial longline vessels. Only 72 (57.1%) of the total stomach had food ítems in their stomachs, whit a sex proportion of 32 males (44.4%o), 37 females (51.4%) and 3 indeterminate (4.2%). Traditional methods for the stomach contents analysis such as the numeric, frequency of occurrence, gravimetric and índex of relative importance (IRI) were used. Cephalopods were the main food ítems (%IIR > 90) followed by the fishes (%IIR < 4). The squid (Dosidicus gigas) was the principal food in this study (%IIR = 85.1). No significant differences were found between the feeding of males and females of swordfishes (U = 81; p = 0.4862, p < 0.05). A cluster analysis showed higher stomach contents similarity between fall and winter than those from spring, within the size groups the I group was different than others and finally, the feeding from zone 3 were different from others zones.
Notas
Special issue: "Swordfísh fisheries inthe southeastern Pacific Ocean"
E. Yáñez (ed.)
Indexación: Scielo
Indexación: Scielo
Palabras clave
Xiphias gladius, Ecología trófica, Chile, Pacífico suroriental, Feeding, Southeastern Pacific Ocean.
Citación
Latin american journal of aquatic research, Vol. 37, N° 1, pp. 107-11, 2009.