Pre-eruptive Conditions of the 3 March 2015 Lava Fountain of Villarrica Volcano (Southern Andes)

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dc.contributor.authorRomero, Jorge E.
dc.contributor.authorMorgado, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorPisello, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorBoschetty, Felix
dc.contributor.authorPetrelli, Maurizio
dc.contributor.authorCáceres, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Mohammad Ayaz
dc.contributor.authorPolacci, Margherita
dc.contributor.authorPalma, José L.
dc.contributor.authorArzilli, Fabio
dc.contributor.authorVera, Franco
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez, Romina
dc.contributor.authorMorgavi, Daniele
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-27T15:07:19Z
dc.date.available2024-03-27T15:07:19Z
dc.date.issued2023-01
dc.descriptionIndexación: Scopus.
dc.description.abstractVillarrica or Rukapillan (35.9°S; 2,847 m a.s.l.) is one of the most active volcanoes in South America and is the highest-risk volcano in Chile. It has an open conduit with a persistent lava lake. On the 3 March 2015, Strombolian activity rapidly progressed into a 1.5-km-high lava fountain, erupting at least ∼ 2.4 × 106 m3 of tephra. Soon after, the activity returned to mild Strombolian “background” explosions, which lasted until early 2017. Understanding the pre-eruptive conditions of such paroxysmal events is fundamental for volcanic hazard assessment. We present major and trace element geochemistry for glass and crystalline phases of basaltic andesite paroxysm pyroclasts (52–56 wt.% SiO2), and for the subsequent Strombolian “background” activity through February 2017 (54–56 wt.% SiO2). The lava fountain source magma was initially stored in a deeper and hotter region (9.4–16.3 km; ca. 1140 °C) and was then resident in a shallow (≤ 0.8 km) storage zone pre-eruption. During storage, crystallising phases comprised plagioclase (An66–86), olivine (Fo75–78) and augite (En46–47). Equilibrium crystallisation occurred during upper-crustal magmatic ascent. During storage in the shallower region, magma reached H2O saturation, promoting volatile exsolution and over-pressurization, which triggered the eruption. In contrast, subsequent “background” explosions involving basaltic-andesite were sourced from a depth of ≤ 5.3 km (ca. 1110 °C). Pre-eruptive conditions for the 2015 lava fountain contrast with historical twentieth-century eruptions at Villarrica, which were likely driven by magma that underwent a longer period of mixing to feed both effusive and explosive activity. The rapid transition to lava-fountaining activity in 2015 represents a challenging condition in terms of volcano monitoring and eruption forecasting. However, our petrological study of the pyroclastic materials that erupted in 2015 offers significant insights into eruptive processes involving this type of eruption. This aids in deciphering the mechanisms behind sudden eruptions at open conduit systems. © 2022, The Author(s).
dc.identifier.citationBulletin of Volcanology, Volume 85, Issue 1, January 2023 Article number 2
dc.identifier.issn0258-8900
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unab.cl/handle/ria/55364
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
dc.subjectBasaltic volcanism
dc.subjectFragmentation
dc.subjectLava lake
dc.subjectMagma ascent
dc.subjectOpen-vent
dc.subjectPyroclast
dc.titlePre-eruptive Conditions of the 3 March 2015 Lava Fountain of Villarrica Volcano (Southern Andes)
dc.typeArtículo
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