Isolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Type

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dc.contributor.authorDíaz Gavidia, Constanza
dc.contributor.authorBarría, Carla
dc.contributor.authorRivas, Lina
dc.contributor.authorGarcía, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez, Francisca P.
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Rocha, Gerardo
dc.contributor.authorOpazo Capurro, Andrés
dc.contributor.authorAraos, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorMunita, José M.
dc.contributor.authorCortes, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorOlivares Pacheco, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorAdell, Aiko D.
dc.contributor.authorMoreno-Switt, Andrea I.
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-17T19:06:42Z
dc.date.available2022-06-17T19:06:42Z
dc.date.issued2021-09
dc.descriptionIndexación : Scopuses
dc.description.abstractThe dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from water used for crop irrigation to vegetables is poorly studied. During a year, five farmer markets in a city in Central Chile were visited, and 478 vegetable samples (parsleys, corianders, celeries, lettuces, chards, and beets) were collected. Simultaneously, 32 water samples were collected from two rivers which are used to irrigate the vegetables produced in the area. Resistant Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were molecularly detected. The association of environmental factors was evaluated, with the outcomes being the presence of Enterobacterales resistant to four antibiotic families and the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Parsley, coriander, and celery showed the highest prevalence of resistant Enterobacterales (41.9% for ciprofloxacin and 18.5% for ceftazidime). A total of 155 isolates were obtained, including Escherichia coli (n=109), Citrobacter sp. (n=20), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n=8), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=8), and Klebsiella aerogenes (n=1). Resistance to ampicillin (63.2%) and ciprofloxacin (74.2%) was most frequently found; 34.5% of the isolates showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and the MDR phenotype represented 51.6% of the isolates. In two E. coli isolates (1.29%), the gene mcr-1 was found and ESBL genes were found in 23/62 isolates (37%), with blaCTX-M being the most frequently found in 20 isolates (32%). Resistant Enterobacterales isolated during the rainy season were less likely to be MDR as compared to the dry season. Understanding environmental associations represent the first step toward an improved understanding of the public health impact of ARB in vegetables and water. © Copyright © 2021 Díaz-Gavidia, Barría, Rivas, García, Alvarez, González-Rocha, Opazo-Capurro, Araos, Munita, Cortes, Olivares-Pacheco, Adell and Moreno-Switt.es
dc.description.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.604567/full#h1
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Microbiology Volume 1214 September 2021 Article number 604567es
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2021.604567
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/handle/ria/22900
dc.language.isoenes
dc.publisherFrontiers Media S.Aes
dc.rights.licenseAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
dc.subjectEnterobacteraleses
dc.subjectEnvironmental risk factorses
dc.subjectEnvironmental risk factorses
dc.subjectMultidrug resistancees
dc.subjectRiver wateres
dc.subjectChilees
dc.subjectVegetablees
dc.titleIsolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Typees
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