Examinando por Autor "Alvarez, Cristian"

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    A Higher Skeletal Muscle Mass and Lower Adiposity Phenotype Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Control in Adults with Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017
    (MDPI, 2023-09) Guede-Rojas, Francisco; Ibacache-Saavedra, Paulina; Leal, María Inés; Tuesta, Marcelo; Durán-Marín, Cristóbal; Carrasco-Marín, Fernanda; Cigarroa, Igor; Alvarez, Cristian; Izquierdo, Mikel; Delgado-Floody, Pedro
    Objective: This study aimed to (1) characterize cardiometabolic factors in self-reported hip and knee osteoarthritis (OAD) across four body composition phenotypes defined by muscle mass and adiposity, and (2) associate risk factors with diabetes and hypertension (HTN). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–17 (n = 4996) stratified participants into four groups: low skeletal muscle mass/high waist circumference (Low-SMM/High-WC), low SMM/low WC (Low-SMM/Low-WC), high SMM/high WC (High-SMM/High-WC), and high SMM/low WC (reference group). Each group was further divided into subgroups with or without diagnosed hip or knee OAD. The main outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, systolic (SBP)/diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (continuous outcomes), and other secondary factors such as cardiovascular risk (CVR). Results: In the hip OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value (145 vs. 127 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +18 mmHg). In the knee OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value (141 vs. 134 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +7 mmHg). The SBP showed a significant interaction between the group and OAD diagnosis (p = 0.007 hip OAD; p < 0.0001 knee OAD). Conclusions: Hip and knee OAD associates with elevated SBP/DBP in older adults. OAD groups showed an OR above 2 for diabetes, 2.7 for HTN, 4.5 for metabolic syndrome, and over 2 for moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk. OAD interacts substantially with cardiometabolic factors, especially in low muscle mass/high adiposity phenotypes. Lifestyle optimization of physical activity and nutrition to preserve muscle mass and mitigate adiposity is essential for cardiometabolic health promotion in OAD patients. © 2023 by the authors.
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    Association Between Hearing Loss Suspect with Diabetes and Arterial Hypertension Risk Under Different Body Composition Phenotypes: Results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17
    (Nevzat Demirci, 2024-01) Alvarez, Cristian; Toloza-Ramírez, David; Martínez-Ulloa, Lorena; Flores-Bustos, Carolina; Flores-Riquelme, Arturo
    Purpose: 1) To characterize the glucose and blood pressure control in HLS adult participants based on four body composition phenotypes models from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17. 2) to associate the HLS and body composition phenotypes (based on calf and waist circumference [WC]) with arterial hypertension and diabetes markers. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study based on the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17, reporting adults with/without HLS based on four different phenotypes was carried out by the epidemiological group of the Institute of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences of the Universidad Andres bello, Chile (ICER-UNAB). Groups were as follows; Low skeletal muscle [SMM] and high waist circumference [WC] (Lsmm−Hwc, n=278), Low SMM and low WC (Lsmm−Lwc, n=479), High SMM and high WC (Hsmm−Hwc, n=2140), and High SMM and low WC (Hsmm−Lwc, n=2709). The primary outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. Findings: In systolic blood pressure, there were significant differences between each Lsmm−Hwc (150 vs. 123 mmHg), Lsmm−Lwc (140 vs. 123 mmHg), and Hsmm−Hwc vs. the Reference group (145 vs. 123 mmHg, all P<0.0001). Systolic blood pressure reported significant Group x HLS interaction F (3.33), P=0.019, ES 0.004. In diastolic blood pressure, there were significant differences between each Lsmm−Hwc (74 vs. 72 mmHg) and Hsmm−Hwc vs. the Reference group (76 vs. 72 mmHg, both P<0.0001). Diastolic blood pressure reported significant Group x HLS interaction F (4.49), P=0.004, ES 0.005. Chilean adults with HLS, low SMM and high waist circumference shows a higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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    Average and Interindividual Effects to a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program
    (MDPI, 2023-01) Tuesta, Marcelo; Alvarez, Cristian; Pedemonte, Oneglio; Araneda, Oscar F.; Manríquez-Villarroel, Pablo; Berthelon, Paulina; Reyes, Alvaro
    Background: To describe the average effects and the interindividual variability after a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation (CCR) program using concurrent exercise training prescribed according to cardiovascular risk stratification on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), anthropometric/body composition, quality of life and emotional health in patients of four cardiovascular disease profiles. Methods: CRF, anthropometric/body composition, quality of life, and emotional health were measured before and after a CCR and analyzed in heart valve surgery (HVS), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), post-acute myocardial infarction (post-AMI), and in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Twenty, twenty-four, and thirty-two exercise sessions were prescribed according to mild, moderate, and severe baseline cardiovascular risk, respectively. In addition to concurrent exercise training, nutritional counseling, psychological support, and lifestyle education programs were performed. Results: The main outcomes by delta changes comparisons (Δ) revealed no significant differences at anthropometric/body composition as ΔBody fat decreases (HVS Δ−1.1, HFrEF Δ−1.0, post-AMI Δ−1.4, CAD Δ−1.2 kg) and ΔSkeletal muscle mass increases (HVS Δ+1.4, HFrEF Δ+0.8, post-AMI Δ+0.9, CAD Δ+0.9 kg), and CRF performance as ΔVO2peak increases (HVS Δ+4.3, HFrEF Δ+4.8, post-AMI Δ+4.1, CAD Δ+5.1 mL/kg/min) outcomes among HVS, HFrEF, post-AMI, and CAD (p > 0.05). Secondary outcomes showed significant pre-post delta changes in METs (HVS Δ+1.8, HFrEF Δ+0.7, post-AMI Δ+1.4, CAD Δ+1.4), and maximal O2pulse (HVS Δ+3.1, post-AMI Δ+2.1, CAD Δ+1.9). In addition, quality of life had a significant improvement in physical functioning (HVS Δ+17.0, HFrEF Δ+12.1, post-AMI Δ+9.8, CAD Δ+11.2), physical role (HVS Δ+28.4, HFrEF Δ+26.8, post-AMI Δ+25.6, CAD Δ+25.3), vitality (HVS Δ+18.4, HFrEF Δ+14.3, post-AMI Δ+14.2, CAD Δ+10.6) and social functioning (HVS Δ+20.4, HFrEF Δ+25.3, post-AMI Δ+20.4, CAD Δ+14.8) in all cardiovascular disease. For anxiety (HVS Δ−3.6, HFrEF Δ−2.3, post-AMI Δ−3.0, CAD Δ−3.1) and depression (HVS Δ−2.8, HFrEF Δ−3.4, post-AMI Δ−3.2, CAD Δ−2.3) significant changes were also observed. Conclusions: A CCR program that prescribes the number of exercise sessions using a cardiovascular risk stratification improves CRF, QoL, and emotional health, and the average results show a wide interindividual variability (~25% of non-responders) in this sample of four CVD profile of patients. © 2022 by the authors.
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    Heart Rate from Progressive Volitional Cycling Test Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction Outcomes in Hypertensive Chilean Adults
    (2023-03) Alvarez, Cristian; Tuesta, Marcelo; Reyes, Álvaro; Guede-Rojas, Francisco; Peñailillo, Luis; Cigarroa, Igor; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime; Cano-Montoya, Johnattan; Durán-Marín, Cristóbal; Rojas-Paz, Oscar; Márquez, Héctor; Izquierdo, Mikel; Delgado-Floody, Pedro
    Background: A progressive volitional cycling test is useful in determining exercise prescription in populations with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the association between heart rate during this test and endothelial dysfunction (EDys) parameters in hypertensive (HTN) patients. Objective: To investigate the association between EDys markers (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], pulse wave velocity of the brachial artery [PWVba], and carotid-intima media thickness [cIMT]) and heart rate during a cycling test in HTN adults. A secondary aim was to characterize cardiovascular, anthropometric, and body composition outcomes in this population. Methods: This was a descriptive clinical study in which adults (men and women) were assigned to one of three groups: HTN, elevated blood pressure (Ele), or a normotensive control group (CG), and completed a progressive cycling test. The primary outcomes were FMD, PWVba, cIMT, and heart rate (HR) at 25–50 watts (HR25–50), 50–100 watts (HR50–100), and 75–150 watts (HR75–150) of the Astrand test. Secondary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage (BF%), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and estimated body age, as measured by a bio-impedance digital scale. Results: Analyses of the associations between FMD, PWV, and HR25–50, HR50–100, and HR75–150 watts revealed no significant association in the HTN, Ele, and CG groups. However, a significant association was found between cIMT and HR75–150 watts in the HTN group (R2 47.1, β −0.650, p = 0.038). There was also a significant trend (p = 0.047) towards increasing PWVba in the CG, Ele, and HTN groups. Conclusion: Heart rate during a progressive cycling test is associated with the EDys parameters cIMT in HTN patients, with particularly strong predictive capacity for vascular parameters in the second and third stages of the Astrand exercise test compared to normotensive control. © 2023 by the authors.
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    Hypertensive patients show higher heart rate response during incremental exercise and elevated arterial age estimation than normotensive adult peers: VASCU-HEALTH PROJECT
    (Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Alvarez, Cristian; Campos-Jara, Christian; Gomes Ciolac, Emmanuel; Vega Guimaraes, Guilherme; Andrade-Mayorga, Omar; Cano-Montoya, Johnattan; Andrade, David C.; Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Alonso-Martínez, Alicia; Izquierdo, Mikel; Cigarroa, Igor
    There is limited information regarding heart rate (HR) response from predictive formulae and actual exercise tests between arterial hypertension (HTN) and normotensive adults, as well as about vascular similarities or differences between samples of different blood pressure control. This study aimed 1) to describe and compare the HR during exercise between HTN and normotensive adults and 2) to describe the endothelial function and related vascular parameters in both groups. A descriptive clinical study was conducted with 64 adults (men and women) who were divided into three groups: arterial hypertension (HTN n=26), elevated blood pressure (Ele n=16), or normotensive control (CG n=22). The participants underwent an incremental cycling exercise test of 5 stages, where HR (primary outcome) was measured, and secondary vascular outcomes (percentile classification of the pulse wave velocity (%ILEPWVba), maximum carotid intima-media thickness (cIMTmax), and arterial age among others were measured. In stage 2 of the test (50-100 watts), the HTN group showed significantly higher HR vs. CG (+14 beats/min; p<0.05) and vs. Ele group (+15 beats/min; p<0.05), and in stage 5 (125-250 watts), HTN group showed higher HR vs. CG (+22 beats/min; p<0.05). HTN group showed a higher arterial stiffness by %ILEPWVba classification and arterial age estimation than the CG group. In conclusion, HTN patients reported a higher HR response only in two out of five (monitored) stages of the Astrand cycling exercise test than normotensive peers. Moreover, all groups showed a higher HRpredicted than real HRpeak obtained from the exercise test. These results are displayed with more altered vascular parameters in the HTN group. © Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)
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    Hypoxic peripheral chemoreflex stimulation-dependent cardiorespiratory coupling is decreased in swimmer athletes
    (American Physiological Society, 2024-01) Andrade, David C.; Arce-Álvarez, Alexis; Salazar-Ardiles, Camila; Toledo, Camilo; Guerrero-Henriquez, Juan; Alvarez, Cristian; Vasquez-Muñoz, Manuel; Izquierdo, Mikel; Millet, Gregoire P.
    Swimmer athletes showed a decreased ventilatory response and reduced sympathetic activation during peripheral hypoxic chemoreflex stimulation. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that swimmers develop a diminished cardiorespiratory coupling due to their decreased hypoxic peripheral response. To resolve this hypothesis, we conducted a study using coherence time-varying analysis to assess the cardiorespiratory coupling in swimmer athletes. We recruited 12 trained swimmers and 12 control subjects for our research. We employed wavelet time-varying spectral coherence analysis to examine the relationship between the respiratory frequency (Rf) and the heart rate (HR) time series during normoxia and acute chemoreflex activation induced by five consecutive inhalations of 100% N2. Comparing swimmers to control subjects, we observed a significant reduction in the hypoxic ventilatory responses to N2 in swimmers (0.012 ± 0.001 vs. 0.015 ± 0.001 ΔVE/ΔVO2, and 0.365 ± 0.266 vs. 1.430 ± 0.961 ΔVE/ΔVCO2/ΔSpO2, both p < 0.001, swimmers vs. control, respectively). Furthermore, the coherence at the LF cutoff during hypoxia was significantly lower in swimmers compared to control subjects (20.118 ± 3.502 vs. 24.935 ± 3.832 area under curve [AUC], p < 0.012, respectively). Our findings strongly indicate that due to their diminished chemoreflex control, swimmers exhibited a substantial decrease in cardiorespiratory coupling during hypoxic stimulation. © 2024 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.
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    Intrahospital supervised exercise training improves survival rate amonghypertensive patients with COVID-19
    (2023-03) Fernandez, Francisco; Vazquez-Muñoz, Manuel; Canals, Andrea; Arce-Álvarez, Alexis; Salazar-Ardiles, Camila; Alvarez, Cristian; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo, Mikelf; Andrade, David C
    Among the people most affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are those suffering from hypertension (HTN). However, pharmacological therapies for HTN are ineffective against COVID-19 progression and severity. It has been proposed that exercise training (EX) could be used as post-COVID treatment, which does not rule out the possible effects during hospitalization for COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of supervised EX on HTN patients with COVID-19 during hospitalization. Among a total of 1,508 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by PCR), 439 subjects were classified as having HTN and were divided into two groups: EX (n = 201) and control (n = 238) groups. EX (3-4 times/wk during all hospitalizations) consisted of aerobic exercises (15-45 min; i.e., walking); breathing exercises (10-15 min) (i.e., diaphragmatic breathing, pursed-lip breathing, active abdominal contraction); and musculoskeletal exercises (8-10 sets of 12-15 repetitions/wk; lifting dumbbells, standing up and sitting, lumbar stabilization). Our data revealed that the EX (clinician: patient, 1:1 ratio) intervention was able to improve survival rates among controlled HTN patients with COVID-19 during their hospitalization when compared with the control group (chi-squared: 4.83; hazard ratio: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.117 to 2.899; P = 0.027). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that EX was a prognostic marker (odds ratio: 0.449; 95% CI: 0.230-0.874; P = 0.018) along with sex and invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Our data showed that an intrahospital supervised EX program reduced the mortality rate among patients with HTN suffering from COVID-19 during their hospitalization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we found that exercise training improves the survival rate in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 during their hospitalization period. Our results provide strong evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of exercise training as a feasible approach to improving the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 who suffer from hypertension during their hospitalization.
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    Jump rope training for health and fitness in school-age participants: secondary analyses from a systematic review
    (Australian International Academic Centre PTY LTD, 2023) Dudagoitia Barrio, Ekaitz; Alvarez, Cristian; Thapa, Rohit K.; Ramachandran, Akhilesh K.; Singh, Utkarsh; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
    Background: Altering moderator variables during a jump rope training (JRT) program can provide a novel training modification that can be used to modify the specific training outcomes. JRT is commonly implemented as a traditional game activity in many countries as an old culture of physical activity in school-age participants (SAP). However, strength and conditioning professionals need to know how JRT moderator variables affect these health- and physical fitness outcomes. Thus, an evidence-gap map (EGM) could provides a clearer picture of the design of an appropriate JRT based on scientific evidence. Objective: the purpose of this systematic review secondary analysis was to assess the moderator variables related to JRT effectiveness for health and physical fitness-related outcomes in SAP. Method: literature searches were conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. The PICOS (participants, intervention, comparators, outcomes, and study design) approach was used to rate studies for eligibility. An EGM was constructed to graphically represent the body of evidence and the current research gaps. Results: 10,546 records were initially identified and finally, 8 studies were considered. A total of 186 participants were analysed in the intervention groups (16 groups). Five of Eight studies measured health-related parameters and five of eight included fitness-related parameters. Conclusion: rope weight (e.g., weighted rope i.e. 695 g), adequate post-exercise recovery strategies (e.g., dark chocolate supplementation), type of jump (e.g., freestyle), and total number of jumps, can be manipulated into JRT programs to optimise health and physical related capacities among SAP. © The Author(s) 2023.
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    Muscle Quality Index in Morbidly Obesity Patients Related to Metabolic Syndrome Markers and Cardiorespiratory Fitness
    (MDPI, 2023-05) Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel; Alvarez, Cristian; Del-Cuerpo, Indya; Cresp-Barría, Mauricio; Delgado-Floody, Pedro
    Background: Muscle quality index (MQI) is an emerging health indicator obtained by dividing handgrip strength by body mass index (BMI) that needs to be studied in morbidly obese patients (defined by BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). Objective: To determine the association between MQI, metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and as a second objective to determine the potential mediation role of MQI in the relationship between abdominal obesity and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in this sample. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 86 severely/morbidly obese patients (age = 41.1 ± 11.9 y, nine men). MQI, metabolic syndrome markers, CRF, and anthropometric parameters were measured. Two groups were developed according to MQI; High-MQI (n = 41) and Low-MQI (n = 45). Results: The Low-MQI group reported higher abdominal obesity (High-MQI: 0.7 ± 0.1 vs. Low-MQI: 0.8 ± 0.1 WC/height; p = 0.011), SBP (High-MQI: 133.0 ± 17.5 vs. Low-MQI: 140.1 ± 15.1 mmHg; p = 0.048), and lower CRF (High-MQI; 26.3 ± 5.9 vs. Low-MQI; 22.4 ± 6.1 mL/kg/min, p = 0.003) than the High-MQI group. Waist-to-height ratio (β: −0.07, p = 0.011), SBP (β: −18.47, p = 0.001), and CRF (β: 5.21, p = 0.011) were linked to MQI. In a mediation model, the indirect effect confirms that MQI is a partial mediator of the association between abdominal obesity with SBP. Conclusions: MQI in morbidly obesity patients reported an inverse association with MetS markers and a positive association with CRF (VO2max). It mediates the relationship between abdominal obesity and SBP. © 2023 by the authors.
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    Similar adaptations to 10 weeks concurrent training on metabolic markers and physical performance in young, adult, and older adult women
    (MDPI, 2021-12) Andrade, David C.; Flores-Opazo, Marcelo; Peñailillo, Luis; Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Cano-Montoya, Johnattan; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime A.; Alvarez, Cristian
    It has been proposed that the combination of high-intensity aerobic exercises and resistance training (RT) known as concurrent training (CT) could improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, and that the exercise mixture in CT could dampen muscle anaerobic pathways, a result known as the interference effect. However, there is scarce evidence on its effects in women across different ages. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of a 10-week CT intervention on MetS markers and endurance performance in adult women and compared age-related differences between young, adult, and older participants. A total of 112 women with >1 MetS risk factors were included in the study. Participants were allocated to different groups according to the following cutoff age ranges: 20–29years (y), n = 25; 30–39y, n = 35; 40–49y, n = 43; and 50–59y, n = 53. Participants performed 10 weeks of CT, including resistance training (RT), involving six major muscle groups, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in a cycle ergometer. Anthropometric, cardiovascular, metabolic, and performance outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. The CT induced significant improvements in waist circumference (WC) (20–29y: –2.5; 30–39y: –4.1; 40–49y: –4.2; 50–59y: –2.8 ∆cm) and the distance achieved in the six-minute walking test (6Mwt) (20–29y: +47.6; 30–39y: +66.0; 40–49y: +43.0; 50–59y: +58.6 ∆m) across all age groups, without significant differences between groups. In addition, a significant correlation was found between 6Mwt and WC, independent of age. In conclusion, our results showed that a 10-week CT intervention improved MetS risk factors in women, suggesting that the beneficial effects promoted by CT are independent of age and confirming CT as an effective, age-independent training regimen to improve metabolic health in women. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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    The social distance impacts from COVID-19 pandemic on the development of two orders of a concurrent training programme for morbidly obese patients
    (MDPI, 2022-10) Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Chirosa-Ríos, Luis; Guzmán-Guzmán, Iris Paola; Vargas, Claudia Andrea; Sandoval-Aguilera, Karina; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe; Guede-Rojas, Francisco; Alvarez, Cristian
    Background: Although there is relevant information regarding the consequences of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), little is known about the impact of the imposed social confine ment (at home) on the development of exercise training programmes in populations with morbid obesity. Aim: To describe the effects of the imposed COVID-19 confinement on the cardiometabolic health benefits acquired through a concurrent training programme that started before the pandemic in populations with morbid obesity. Methods: This was an experimental randomized clinical study, in which sedentary morbidly obese women were assigned 1:1 to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT) group (HIIT + RT; n = 11; BMI 42.1 ± 6.6) or to the same exercise dose, but in different order group of RT plus HIIT group (RT + HIIT; n = 7; BMI 47.5 ± 8.4). Both groups undertook two sessions/week. When COVID-19 confinement at home started, a post-test was applied in January 2020 (Post1) and after 20 months (Post2). The main outcomes were waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Results: In the HIIT + RT group, the WC showed significant increases from Post1 to Post2 (∆ + 3.1 cm, p = 0.035); in the RT + HIIT group, it decreased from Post1 to Post2 (∆ − 4.8 cm, p = 0.028). In the HIIT + RT group, SBP showed significant increases from Post1 to Post2 (∆ + 6.2 mmHg, p = 0.041); the RT + HIIT group decreased SBP from Pre0 to Post1 (∆ − 7.2 mmHg, p = 0.026) and increased DBP from Pre0 to Post1 (∆ + 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.015). Tg in the HIIT + RT group decreased from Pre0 to Post1 (∆ − 40.1 mg/dL, p = 0.023) but increased from Post1 to Post2 (∆ + 86.3 mg/dL, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 social confinement worsened metabolic syndrome (MetS) outcomes that had improved from 20 weeks’ RT + HIIT during the training period, such as WC, SBP, and Tg from HIIT + RT, when, worryingly, SBP increased to another more serious clinical classification in both groups.
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    Which one? A comparative study of traditional and sports uniforms on academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents: The Cogni-Action Project
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-08-12) Cristi Montero, Carlos; Solis Urra, Patricio; Sanchez Martinez, Javier; Olivares Arancibia, Jorge; Hernández Jaña, Sam; Gajardo Araya, Guillermo; Palma Leal, Ximena; Sadarangani, Kabir P.; Portela Estinto, Matias; Encina, Yonatan; Alvarez, Cristian; Delgado Floody, Pedro; Aguilar Farias, Nicolas; Ferrari, Gerson; Mahecha Matsudo, Sandra; Zavala Crichton, Juan Pablo; Ibarra Mora, Jessica; Parra Saldías, Maribel; Nanjarí Miranda, Rodrigo; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Fernando
    Objective: The aim of this study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional uniforms (TUs) and sports uniforms (SUs) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index. Methods: A total of 988 Chilean adolescents (52.6% boys) aged 10–14 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Academic achievement was evaluated by the average grade in maths, language, and science grades, while cognitive performance was assessed through eight cognitive tasks. TUs affecting physical activity, playtime, bullying, and discrimination were queried. Mixed model analyses were performed. Results: No differences were observed in academic achievement (TU: 5.4 ± 0.1 vs. SU: 5.5 ± 0.2, p = 0.785) or in cognitive performance (TU: 99.6 ± 0.8 vs. SU: 98.9 ± 1.8, p= 0.754) according to the school uniformtype. Moreover, 64.1 % of participants declared that wearing TU affects their physical activity (traditional uniforms: + 8 min and sports uniforms: + 20 min), and those who believed so spent more time playing than those who answered negatively (14.5 min, p = 0.012). Finally, adolescents wearing SU displayed a lower feeling of bullying and discrimination; this finding depended mainly on the school's vulnerability. Conclusion: It is concluded that wearing TU does not show an educational advantage at an academic and cognitive level that justifies its obligation. In addition, it could be suggested that schools consider adolescents' opinions in adopting a more comfortable uniform, such as the SU. This feasible and low-cost measure would help to increase adolescents' physical activity during the school day, and, contrary to belief, it would not be related to increased feelings of bullying and discrimination. Copyright © 2022 Cristi-Montero, Solis-Urra, Sanchez-Martinez, Olivares-Arancibia, Hernández-Jaña, Gajardo-Araya, Palma-Leal, Sadarangani, Portela Estinto, Encina, Alvarez, Delgado-Floody, Aguilar-Farias, Ferrari, Mahecha-Matsudo, Zavala-Crichton, Ibarra-Mora, Parra-Saldías, Nanjarí-Miranda and Rodríguez-Rodríguez.